Belgian HOWTO
  by Dag Wieërs,   dag@mind.be
  v1.0.29, 15 October 2000
  This document describes how to tweak Linux for Belgian users and lists
  Linux   user groups, businesses and other resources in Belgium.
  ______________________________________________________________________
  Table of Contents
  1. Introduction
     1.1 Why this document?
     1.2 New versions of this document
     1.3 Translated versions
     1.4 Contributions
     1.5 Feedback
     1.6 Legal stuff
     1.7 Todo
  2. Configuration
     2.1 Keyboard setup
        2.1.1 Console
        2.1.2 XFree86
     2.2 Display and applications
        2.2.1 Using the ISO-8859-1 font in console
        2.2.2 Support for the Euro symbol
     2.3 Time zone
     2.4 Locale support
        2.4.1 Dutch
        2.4.2 French
        2.4.3 German
        2.4.4 Walloon
     2.5 Native language support and codepages
  3. Setting up Internet (Belgian ISP information)
     3.1 Dialing in with your modem (PPP)
        3.1.1 Configuring the modem
        3.1.2 Installing pppd
        3.1.3 pap-secrets / chap-secrets
        3.1.4 Network
        3.1.5 File permissions
        3.1.6 Dial + Hangup
        3.1.7 ISP-dependant information
     3.2 Dialing in with your ISDN-modem
        3.2.1 Updating the kernel
        3.2.2 ISDN4Linux toolkit
        3.2.3 Configuring the interface
        3.2.4 pap-secrets / chap-secrets
        3.2.5 Network
        3.2.6 File permissions
        3.2.7 Dial + Hangup
     3.3 Cablemodem (DHCP)
     3.4 ADSL
  4. Belgian Linux user groups
     4.1 ALLIN Linux User Group
     4.2 Antwerp Linux User Group (ALUG)
     4.3 Brussels Linux User Group (BeLUGa)
     4.4 HCC Limburgse Linux Gebruikers Groep (HLLGG)
     4.5 HCC Linux Gebruikers Groep Leuven
     4.6 Independent Group of Unix-Alikes and Network Activists (IGUANA)
     4.7 Infogroep (IGWE)
     4.8 Leuvense Linux Users (L2U)
     4.9 Limburgse Linux User Group (LILUG)
     4.10 Linux.be vzw/asbl
     4.11 Linux Belgian Team
     4.12 Linux Gebruikers Oost-Vlaanderen (LGOVL)
     4.13 Linux User Group De Bruxelles (BxLUG)
     4.14 Linux User Group De Namur
     4.15 Linux User Group Mons
     4.16 Linux User Movement Underground Mad Belgian Aliens (LUMUMBA)
     4.17 linuxbe.org
     4.18 Louvain-Li-nux (LLN)
     4.19 Open Technology Assembly Linux Special Interest Group
     4.20 Python Blanc Blue Belge (P3B)
     4.21 Student Information Networking (SIN)
     4.22 TINA
     4.23 Unix Lovers Yield Student Services & Internet Support (ULYSSIS)
     4.24 Zeus WPI - Werkgroep Informatica RUG
  5. Belgian Linux businesses
     5.1 aDOC Services
     5.2 Arafox
     5.3 Aragne
     5.4 Better Access N.V.
     5.5 BIOS Consulting sa/nv
     5.6 D. Connect
     5.7 Double Barrel Consultancy and Productions
     5.8 grmbl productions
     5.9 LIFE bvba
     5.10 Mind Linux Solutions
     5.11 Phidani Software SPRL
     5.12 Spier BVBA
     5.13 VirgoPlus sprl
  6. Belgian Linux resources
     6.1 Websites
        6.1.1 Linux in Belgium
        6.1.2 Dutch Linux-sites
        6.1.3 French Linux-sites
        6.1.4 Mirrors in Belgium
     6.2 HOWTO
        6.2.1 Web
        6.2.2 FTP
     6.3 HOWTO translations
        6.3.1 Dutch
        6.3.2 French
        6.3.3 German
     6.4 FTP
        6.4.1 Kernel-sources
        6.4.2 Distributions
        6.4.3 Software
     6.5 Usenet
     6.6 Mailinglists
        6.6.1 Linux in Belgium
        6.6.2 Linux user groups
     6.7 IRC
  ______________________________________________________________________
  1.  Introduction
  1.1.  Why this document?
  Since there was no information anywhere on the net for Belgian Linux
  users, we started to collect stuff that we thought could be important.
  This HOWTO aims to be the definitive list of all Belgian-related Linux
  information. If you think not, you have no excuse to complain and
  certainly not to not contribute. ;)
  1.2.  New versions of this document
  If you need to know more about the Linux Documentation Project or
  about Linux HOWTO's, feel free to contact the supervisor Tim Bynum
  linux-howto@sunsite.unc.edu.
  Tim Bynum will post the listing to several national and international
  newsgroups on a monthly basis. In addition, the Belgian HOWTO can be
  found on the World Wide Web at   New
  versions of the Belgian HOWTO are always placed at this site first, so
  please be sure to check if the copy you are reading is still up to
  date!
  1.3.  Translated versions
  This document is currently translated in 3 languages (English, Dutch
  and French), we're trying to keep all three of them in sync, but the
  English version is the source-document!
  The English and Dutch version are maintained by Dag Wieërs dag@mind.be
  and is found at:  .
  The French version is maintained by Dany Vanderroost danyv@euronet.be
  and is found at:
  .
  1.4.  Contributions
  A few people mailed us their suggestions and improvements, thanks go
  to:
  ·  Wim Vandeputte wvdeputte@reptile.rug.ac.be
  ·  Pablo Saratxaga srtxg@ping.be
  ·  Christophe Lambin clambin@skynet.be
  ·  Geert Uytterhoeven geert@linux-m68k.org
  Many thanks go to Ivo Clarysse soggie@iguana.be who started something
  similar earlier () and his project helped us a lot to get this
  document online.
  1.5.  Feedback
  If some information seems to be wrong, deceptive or missing, we'd
  appreciate if you mailed us the improvements. Since we're just human
  this document isn't bug-free, but your contribution can and will make
  a difference.
  To add yourself to the Linux user groups or businesses, collect all
  necessary information and mail it to us.
  1.6.  Legal stuff
  Trademarks are owned by their owners.
  Although the information given in this document is believed to be
  correct, the author will accept no liability for the content of this
  document.  Use the tips and examples given herein at your own risk.
  Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000 by Dag Wieers. This document may be
  distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the
  LDP license.
  1.7.  Todo
  There are some things I'm planning to add to this document, if you're
  interested be sure you're reading the most current version of this
  document. (This todo-list is only a reminder to myself, it is not in
  the translated documents!)
  ·  Make a distinction between Linux-distributors, Linux-training and
     Linux-companies
  ·  
  ·  ,  ,
     ,  , IBM, SGI
  ·  Integrate LinBel some more (should have done this a long time ago)
  ·  Describe possible ways to get a cheap recent Linux-distribution in
     your neighbourhood
  ·  Add details about how to get Ispell-software for your own language
  ·  Add information about translating programs
  ·  Add more information about ADSL/DANA
  ·  Translate it to DocBook DTD
  ·  Link it from inside the Linux.be website at
      (database-driven)
  2.  Configuration
  2.1.  Keyboard setup
  Linux provides 2 ways to set up your keyboard. At the console you can
  use loadkeys and under XFree86 you can use xmodmap.
  2.1.1.  Console
  To use the keytable for a Belgian keyboard you can use
          loadkeys be2-latin1
  or
          loadkeys be-latin1
  The only difference between the two is that be2-latin1 add support for
  twosuperior and threesuperior (keycode 41) and grave (keycode 43).
  Usually loadkeys is started at boottime from the scripts located
  somewhere in /etc/rc.d Different distributions handle it differentely.
  But most distributions have a simple program (like kbdconfig in RedHat
  or yast in SuSE) to change the scripts.
  2.1.2.  XFree86
  To set your keyboard properly under XFree86 you've got more choices.
  By running Xconfigurator (or a similar program) a config-file for
  XFree86 is created (with some standard content). This file is called
  XF86Config and is usually located in /etc or /etc/X11
  Make sure (and change otherwise) that something similar to this is
  given under the Keyboard Section.
          Section "Keyboard"
                  Protocol        "Standard"
                  XkbRules        "xfree86"
                  XkbModel        "pc101"
                  XkbLayout       "be"
          EndSection
  If you own a 'microsoft' keyboard (or the less-known penguin keyboards
  ;p) you can enable those extra 3 keys by changing the "pc101" into
  "pc104". (I use the extra keys as meta-keys in my windowmanager so
  some shortcuts doesn't conflict with the internal ones of my wm).
  To get the AltGr key to work under XFree86 simply add in the Keyboard
  Section:
                  RightAlt        ModeShift
  To get some key-combinations working under X11, you might want to
  change in file /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols/be:
          key  {    [ dead_circumflex,       diaeresis      ],
                          [     bracketleft                       ]       };
          key  {    [          ugrave,         percent      ],
                          [      quoteright                       ]       };
          key  {    [              mu,        sterling      ],
                          [       quoteleft                       ]       };
          key  {    [           equal,            plus      ],
                          [      asciitilde                       ]       };
  by
          key  {    [ dead_circumflex,  dead_diaeresis      ],
                          [     bracketleft                       ]       };
          key  {    [          ugrave,         percent      ],
                          [      dead_acute                       ]       };
          key  {    [              mu,        sterling      ],
                          [      dead_grave                       ]       };
          key  {    [           equal,            plus      ],
                          [      dead_tilde                       ]       };
  Some people prefer to use a 'compose'-key to enter their special
  characters, like:
          'e => é
          /o => ø
          c, => ç
          co => ©
          ss => ß
  Solution:
          xmodmap -e "keycode xx = Multi_key"
  or
          xmodmap -e "keysym yy = Multi_key"
  and 'xx' is the keycode and 'yy' the kesym of the key you choose to be
  the 'compose'-key.  (use xev to get these values)
  Alternatively you can add
          keycode xx = Multi_key
  to your  /.xmodmaprc. This way it happens automagically.
  2.2.  Display and applications
  Some applications have to be compiled as 8-bit clean to work well with
  the European characterset. Others like to be told in advance.
  2.2.1.  Using the ISO-8859-1 font in console
  You can load the ISO-8859-1 font by typing the following in console:
          setfont lat1u-16.psf
          mapscrn trivial
          echo -ne '\033(K'
  To be able to use ë, è, é or ç in console, you might want to add these
  to your  /.inputrc:
          set meta-flag on
          set convert-meta off
          set output-meta on
  (this must be done for every user, if you want this to be default for
  all users you can either add this file to /etc/skel/ or you could add
  these lines to /etc/inputrc and add the following line to /etc/bashrc,
          export INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc
  )
  Note: this is only useful to programs that use readline (like bash)
  Also set the following environment variables:
          LC_CTYPE=iso-8859-1
          SYSFONT=lat1u-16.psf
          SYSTERM=linux
  2.2.2.  Support for the Euro symbol
  Since Europe had to invent a new character, the Euro, there's a new
  standard. It's called ISO-8859-15 (aka Latin-9 or Latin-0). To add
  support you need both a new font and new keymaps.  This is part of
  every major distribution nowadays, if you have an older distributions
  you probably need a newer console-tools package.
  The changes in the keymap-file consist of the following lines:
          keycode  18 = +e        +E      currency
          keycode  46 = +c        +C      cent
  And the following environment-variable should be set:
          SYSFONT=lat0-16.psf
  to make sure you're using the right font.
  2.3.  Time zone
  Since Belgium is located in the Central European Time zone (aka MET)
  which (in the winter) is equivalent to the Greenwhich Mean Time plus 1
  (GMT+1), you can simply link /usr/lib/zoneinfo/localtime/MET to
  /etc/localtime symbolicly like:
          ln -sf /usr/lib/zoneinfo/MET /etc/localtime
  or
          ln -sf /usr/lib/zoneinfo/Europe/Brussels /etc/localtime
  This automagically sets Daylight Savings (which is GMT+2 in the sum
  mer).
  Note: that different distributions have different paths, zoneinfo can
  be located in /usr/share or such...
  Note2: RedHat uses a tool called timeconfig, SuSE uses yast
  To change the CMOS clock and then synchronize the system time with the
  CMOS clock, do something like this:
          hwclock --set --date="Feb 25 03:38"
          clock -u -s
  If your clock is set to local time (which is discouraged but if you
  have other OS's installed a must), you can do:
          hwclock --set --date="Feb 25 04:38"
          clock -s
  [Noticed the 1 hour difference ? ;p]
  2.4.  Locale support
  Not much programs support locale yet, if you want to know more about
  locale or how to write your own programs to support it, check: [put
  the damn url here ;p]
  Be aware that locale makes it harder to resolve problems as less
  people can help you !! You might understand a problem when it's in
  technical English, but what if it's translated in some obscure French
  ?!? Some obviously won't understand both. ;p
  2.4.1.  Dutch
  To enable support for the Dutch locale in Belgium on a system with
  locale support you just have to set the following environment
  variables:
          LANG=nl
          LANGUAGE=nl_BE
  Try nl_BE.ISO_8859-1 if nl_BE does not work.
  2.4.2.  French
  If you want French locale support in Belgium, set the following
  environment variabels:
          LANG=fr
          LANGUAGE=fr_BE
  Try fr_BE.ISO_8859-1 if fr_BE does not work.
  2.4.3.  German
  If you want instead German locale support in Belgium, set the
  following environment variabels:
          LANG=de
          LANGUAGE=de_BE
  Try de_BE.ISO_8859-1 if de_BE does not work.
  2.4.4.  Walloon
  For Walloon locale support you can find files and information at:
  . To use it set:
          LANG=wa
          LANGUAGE=wa_BE:fr_BE
  Try wa_BE.ISO_8859-1 if wa_BE does not work.
  2.5.  Native language support and codepages
  These options add support for the Belgian characterset and codepages.
  If you'd like to have these, compile a kernel with these options put
  on. They only apply to some filesystems (FAT-based, ISO9660, ...).
          < > Codepage 850 (Europe)
          < > NLS ISO 8859-1  (Latin 1; Western European Languages)
          < > NLS ISO 8859-15 (Latin 9; Western European Languages with Euro)
  Located in Filesystems > Native Language Support
  If your kernel is a modular kernel that came with your distribution
  (=you never compiled a kernel before), then you might want to type:
          insmod nls_cp850
          insmod nls_iso8859_1
          insmod nls_iso8859_15
  3.  Setting up Internet (Belgian ISP information)
  3.1.  Dialing in with your modem (PPP)
  To configure PPP correctly, you should check the PPP-HOWTO
  .  I try
  to explain it briefly, but if you have any questions or problems, read
  the HOWTO very carefully.
  3.1.1.  Configuring the modem
  To configure your modem, you can alter the initstring of your modem.
  To learn more about your modem, check Ask Mr. Modem
  .
  Beware: if you have a winmodem you will probably not get it to work.
  More information about winmodems is at: . Work
  is underway, but winmodems are not as good as real modems.
  3.1.2.  Installing pppd
  Now, you need to have the ppp-package installed (check this by typing
  pppd --version), make sure you have a recent one. Then you have to
  make sure you've got these files:
  /usr/local/bin/ppp
          #!/bin/sh
          case $1 in
                  on|start)
                  TELEPHONE='555-1212'    # The telephone number for the connection
                  ACCOUNT='your_login'    # The account name for logon (as in 'George Burns')
                  PASSWORD='your_pass'    # The password for this account (and 'Gracie Allen')
                  INITSTRING='AT&F&C1&D2Z'# Modem initstring
                  IPLOCAL=0.0.0.0         # Local IP address if known. Dynamic = 0.0.0.0
                  IPREMOTE=0.0.0.0        # Remote IP address if desired. Normally 0.0.0.0
                  DEVICE=/dev/ttyS1       # Serial Device com1=ttyS0, com2=ttyS1,...
                  SPEED=57600             # 19200, 38400 or 57600 (don't try something different)
                  export TELEPHONE ACCOUNT PASSWORD INITSTRING
                  exec /usr/sbin/pppd $DEVICE $SPEED $IPLOCAL:$IPREMOTE \
                          user $ACCOUNT connect /etc/ppp/ppp-on-dialer
                  ;;
                  off|stop)
                  if [ -r /var/run/ppp0.pid ]; then
                          kill -INT `cat /var/run/ppp0.pid`
                          if [ ! "$?" = "0" ]; then
                                  rm -f /var/run/ppp0.pid
                                  echo "ERROR: Removed stale pid file"
                                  exit 1
                          fi
                          exit 0
                  fi
                  echo "ERROR: PPP link is not active on ppp0"
                  exit 1
                  ;;
                  info|status)
                  /usr/sbin/pppstats
                  ;;
                  *)
                  echo "Usage: ppp on|off|info|start|stop|status";
                  ;;
          esac
  /etc/ppp/ppp-on-dialer
          #!/bin/sh
          exec /usr/sbin/chat -v                                  \
                  REPORT CONNECTION                               \
                  REPORT CARRIER                                  \
                  TIMEOUT         10                              \
                  ABORT           '\nBUSY\r'                    \
                  ABORT           '\nNO ANSWER\r'                       \
                  ABORT           '\nNO CARRIER\r'              \
                  ABORT           '\nNO DIALTONE\r'             \
                  ABORT           '\nRINGING\r\n\r\nRINGING\r'      \
                  ABORT           'Invalid Login'                 \
                  ABORT           'Login incorrect'               \
                  ''              "\r$INITSTRING\r"         \
                  'OK-+++\c-OK'  'ATH0'                          \
                  TIMEOUT         45                              \
                  OK              "ATDT$TELEPHONE"            \
                  CONNECT         '\d\c'                                \
                  ogin:--ogin:    "$ACCOUNT"                  \
                  ord:            "$PASSWORD"
  You can remove the -v once everything looks normal.
  The pppd command uses /etc/ppp/options to list its options, change
  these options to whatever fits. These defaults normally work in most
  cases.
          asyncmap 20a0000
          crtscts
          debug
          default-mru
          defaultroute
          detach
          escape 11,13,ff
          hide-password
          ipcp-accept-local
          ipcp-accept-remote
          lcp-echo-failure 4
          lcp-echo-interval 400
          lock
          modem
          mtu 1500
          netmask 255.255.255.0
          noipdefault
          passive
          #idle 300
          #kdebug 0
          #-vj
  Once dialing in works like a charm, you can leave debug out.
  Beware: it is important to emphasize that every special character,
  thus every character that is not [a-ZA-Z0-9] and '_', should be
  escaped by preceding it with a '\'-character. Thus "e!b$l+" would
  become "e\!b\$l\+".  Try it if you are having troubles !
  3.1.3.  pap-secrets / chap-secrets
  If your ISP requires CHAP or PAP, you need one of these files with
  their proper username and password:
  /etc/ppp/pap-secrets or /etc/ppp/chap-secrets
          #client         server  secret          IP
          your_login      *       your_pass       *
  3.1.4.  Network
  To configure your nameservers, change /etc/resolv.conf. If dialing in
  is succesfull, but you can't get it to connect to URL's: this is
  probably the cause.
          domain domain_of_your_isp
          nameserver your_primary_nameserver
          nameserver your_secondary_nameserver
  3.1.5.  File permissions
  Before you can run a (shell)script, it must be set executable. Be sure
  that you set the permissions so that other users cannot see the
  passwords stored in the files. If you want other users to be able to
  dial in, you might want to consider using sudo. You might want to do
  the following:
       chmod u+rw og-rwx -R /etc/ppp
       chmod u+x /etc/ppp/ppp-on-dialer /usr/local/bin/ppp
  3.1.6.  Dial + Hangup
  Then if /usr/local/bin is in your PATH, you can easily dial in with:
          ppp on
  and hangup with:
          ppp off
  and to get some statistics, you do:
          ppp status
  3.1.7.  ISP-dependant information
     Digibel:
        Authentication:
           PAP
        Nameservers:
           194.119.240.62
        Web:
           
        Support:
           
     DMA:
        Authentication:
           text-based
        Nameservers:
           195.13.24.1
        Web:
           
        Support:
           
     FreeBel:
        Authentication:
           PAP
        Nameservers:
           194.149.160.9, 194.149.160.1
        Web:
           
        Support:
           no official Linux support yet
     Tiscalinet (Freegates):
        Authentication:
           text-based ?
        Nameservers:
           212.35.2.1, 212.35.2.2
        Web:
           
        Support:
           no official Linux support yet
     KPN Belgium (Eunet):
        Authentication:
           text-based
        Extra options:
           proxyarp
        Nameservers:
           193.74.208.135
        Web:
           
        Support:
           
     Online / TijdNet:
        Authentication:
           text-based / PAP
        Extra options:
           noccp
        Nameservers:
           62.112.0.7, 194.88.127.7
        Web:
           
        Support:
           no official Linux support yet
     Ping:
        Authentication:
           text-based
        Web:
           
        Support:
           
     Planet Internet:
        Authentication:
           CHAP
        Nameservers:
           194.119.232.3, 194.119.232.2
        Web:
           
        Support:
           no official Linux support yet
     Skynet (Belgacom):
        Authentication:
           PAP
        Extra options:
           defaultroute
        Nameservers:
           195.238.2.21, 195.238.2.22
        Web:
           
        Support:
           no official Linux support yet
     UUNet:
        Authentication:
           PAP
        Nameservers:
           194.7.1.4, 194.7.15.70
        Web:
           
        Support:
           no official support yet
     VT4:
        Authentication:
           PAP
        Web:
           
        Support:
           no official Linux support yet
     Wanadoo (Euronet):
        Authentication:
           text-based / PAP
        Nameservers:
           195.74.193.12, 194.134.0.12
        Web:
             
        Support:
           
     World Online:
        Authentication:
           CHAP
        Nameservers:
           212.233.1.34, 212.233.2.34
        Web:
           
        Support:
           no official Linux support yet
     XS4ALL:
        Authentication:
           PAP
        Nameservers:
           194.109.6.66, 194.109.9.99
        Web:
           
        Support:
           
     Yucom:
        Authentication:
           CHAP
        Web:
           
        Support:
           no official Linux support yet
  3.2.  Dialing in with your ISDN-modem
  Contributed by Christophe Lambin clambin@skynet.be
  This section does not aim to be a definitive guide on ISDN for Linux.
  For a more detailed discussion on the topic, see Paul Slootman's
  ISDN4Linux HOWTO and ISDN4Linux-FAQ.
  3.2.1.  Updating the kernel
  If you're using a 2.2 kernel, it's recommended to get an updated
  version of the ISDN code. You can retrieve the CVS at
  .  For more information, check:
  
  Warning: if you've recently purchased an Eicon Diva 2.0 PCI (eg, via
  Belgacom), there's a good chance you've actually got a Diva 2.01.In
  this case, you must get a version dated 1 July 1999 or later !
  Once the ISDN is in place, you can start up the driver. Eg:
          modprobe hisax type=11 protocol=2
  Refer to the Readme's for the right parameters and values for your
  card.
  3.2.2.  ISDN4Linux toolkit
  Next, you'll need the ISDN4Linux toolkit.  You can retrieve the latest
  version of the toolkit at:  
  3.2.3.  Configuring the interface
  With the tools installed and configured, write a script to configure
  the interface, to be used for the ISDN connection. As always in Linux,
  there's no one correct way of doing this. I've put these in a script
  /etc/rc.d/rc.isdn:
          #!/bin/sh
          MSNREMOTE='555-1212'    # Phone number of ISP
          MSNLOCAL='555-1313'     # my number, without 0, with areacode
          ACCOUNT='george'        # The account for logon (as 'George Burns')
          IPLOCAL=10.0.0.2        # my fixed IP (use 10.0.0.2 if no fixed)
          IPREMOTE=0.0.0.0        # IP number of ISP
          INTERFACE=ippp0
          /sbin/modprobe hisax type=11 protocol=2
          /sbin/isdnctrl verbose 3 system on
          /sbin/isdnctrl addif $IF
          /sbin/isdnctrl secure $IF on
          /sbin/isdnctrl addphone $IF out $MSNREMOTE
          /sbin/isdnctrl eaz $IF $MSNLOCAL
          /sbin/isdnctrl huptimeout $IF 300
          /sbin/isdnctrl l2_prot $IF hdlc
          /sbin/isdnctrl l3_prot $IF trans
          /sbin/isdnctrl encap $IF syncppp
  #       /sbin/isdnctrl dialmode $IF auto
          /sbin/ifconfig $IF $IPLOCAL pointopoint $IPREMOTE -arp -broadcast
          /sbin/ipppd /dev/ippp0 user $ACCOUNT $IPLOCAL:$IPREMOTE
  To start this at boot time, make it executable and append the
  following to /etc/rc.d/rc.local:
          if [ -x /etc/rc.d/rc.isdn ]; then
                  . /etc/rc.d/rc.isdn
          fi
  The ipppd command gets its parameters passed through a file,
  /etc/ppp/ioptions:
          -ac
          -bsdcomp
          debug
          defaultroute
          ipcp-accept-local
          ipcp-accept-remote
          mru 1524
          mtu 1500
          noipdefault
          -pc
          useifip
          -vj
          -vjccomp
          #idle 360
          #persistent
  Warning: do NOT specify +pap or +chap in this file. This specifies the
  authentication that ipppd should use for an INCOMING client. If you
  were to use this to connect to your ISP, ipppd would wait for the ISP
  to authenticate itself using the specified protocol.
  Beware: it is important to emphasize that every special character,
  thus every character that is not [a-ZA-Z0-9] and '_' should be escaped
  by preceding it with a '\'-character. Thus 'e!b$l+' would become
  'e\!b\$l\+'.  Try it if you are having troubles !
  Finally, create /etc/ppp/ip-down.local to handle the shutdown of the
  interface:
          #!/bin/sh
          /sbin/ifconfig $1 down
          sleep 1
          /sbin/ifconfig $1 10.0.0.2 pointopoint
  Note: this is to handle some problems with routes on shutdowns.
  Anyone know of a clean(er) solution ?
  3.2.4.  pap-secrets / chap-secrets
  If your ISP uses PAP or CHAP, create a file /etc/ppp/pap-secrets or
  /etc/ppp/chap-secrets. Its format is:
          #client         server  secret          IP
          your_login      *       your_pass       *
  3.2.5.  Network
  Not really related to ISDN, but a lot of people forget this step (too
  eager to try out all the stuff they typed in above ? :-)).
  Anyway, you need to configure the DNS, by creating a file
  /etc/resolv.conf:
          domain your_domain_of_your_isp
          nameserver your_primary_nameserver
          nameserver your_secondary_nameserver
  3.2.6.  File permissions
  Before you can run a (shell)script, it must be set executable. Be sure
  that you set the permissions so that other users cannot see the
  passwords stored in the files. If you want other users to be able to
  dial in, you might want to consider using sudo. You might want to do
  the following:
       chmod u+rw og-rwx -r /etc/ppp
       chmod u+x /etc/rc.d/rc.isdn /etc/ppp/ip.down-local /usr/local/bin/isdn
  3.2.7.  Dial + Hangup
  Finally, you can write a little wrapper to start and stop the ISDN
  connection. I've put this as /usr/local/bin/isdn:
          #!/bin/bash
          case $1 in
                  on|start)
                  /sbin/isdnctrl dial ippp0
                  ;;
                  off|stop)
                  /sbin/isdnctrl hangup ippp0
                  ;;
                  info|status)
                  /sbin/isdnctrl list ippp0
                  ;;
                  *)
                  echo "Usage: isdn on|off|info|start|stop|status"
                  ;;
          esac
  Then if /usr/local/bin is in your PATH, you can easily dial in with:
          isdn on
  and hangup with:
          isdn off
  3.3.  Cablemodem (DHCP)
  DHCP was designed to make life easier, and most of the times it does
  ;) More information to set up your DHCP client can be found at:
   and a list of Frequently
  Asked Questions at:
   which describes
  everything you need to know. Along with the information in the Cable-
  Modem HOWTO ( ).
  Lots of people want to connect a whole network to their cablemodem,
  that's not a problem. You'll need IP-Masquerading (
  ) and make
  sure the interface (that speaks to the cablemodem) has the right MAC-
  address !! Another solution (in case of problems) is to reset your
  cablemodem.
     UPC Belgium (Chello/TVD):
        Web:
           
        Support:
           no official support yet
        More information:
           
     Pandora (Telenet):
        Automatic proxy:
           http://pac.pandora.be:8080
        HTTP proxy:
           export http_proxy="http://proxy.pandora.be:8080/"
        Web:
           
        Support:
           no official support yet
        More information:
           
  3.4.  ADSL
     Easynet:
        Web:
           
        Support:
           
     Turboline (Belgacom):
        Web:
           
        Support:
           no official support yet
        More information:
            and
           
  4.  Belgian Linux user groups
  More information can be found in the User Group HOWTO located at:
   A complete list
  of Linux User Groups is at:  and at:
  
  4.1.  ALLIN Linux User Group
          Mechelbaan 260
          B-3130 Begijnendijk
     Email:
        allin@linuxfreak.com
     Web:
        
     Contact:
        Paul Terweduwe paul@faes.be
     Last modified:
        13 April 1999.
  4.2.  Antwerp Linux User Group (ALUG)
          Van Luppenstraat 70
          B-2018 Antwerp
     Phone:
        +32 3 218 63 54
     Email:
        fv.alug@advalvas.be
     Web:
        
     Contact:
        Patrick Op de Beeck alug@pandora.be
     Last modified:
        26 December 1999.
  4.3.  Brussels Linux User Group (BeLUGa)
          Brussels Linux User Group (BeLUGa)
          Infogroep, Building F, room 218
          Vrije Universiteit Brussel
          Pleinlaan 2
          B-1050 Brussel
     Email:
        johanb@linux.rave.org
     Web:
        
     Last modified:
        25 February 2000.
  4.4.  HCC Limburgse Linux Gebruikers Groep (HLLGG)
          HCC Limburgse Linux Gebruikers Groep
     Email:
        Linuxgg@hotmail.com
     Web:
        
     Contact:
        Andy Peeters & Bruno Tony
     Last modified:
        31 May 1999.
  4.5.  HCC Linux Gebruikers Groep Leuven
          Diegemstraat 61
          B-1930 Zaventem
     Email:
        Yvo.Dries@village.uunet.be
     Web:
        
     Contact:
        Yvo Dries Yvo.Dries@village.uunet.be
     Last modified:
        2 August 1999.
  4.6.  Independent Group of Unix-Alikes and Network Activists (IGUANA)
          Milcampslaan 101
          B-1040 Schaarbeek
     Phone:
        +32 2 657 77 36
     Fax:
        +32 2 657 77 38
     Email:
        info@iguana.be
     Web:
        
     Last modified:
        5 March 1999.
  4.7.  Infogroep (IGWE)
          Pleinlaan 2, 5F218 (building F)
          B-1050 Brussels
     Phone:
        +32 2 629 33 56
     Fax:
        +32 2 629 33 89
     Email:
        ig@igwe.vub.ac.be
     Web:
        
     Last modified:
        6 July 1999.
  4.8.  Leuvense Linux Users (L2U)
          Leuvense Linux Users (L2U)
     Email:
        darkcompanion@village.uunet.be
     Web:
        
     Last modified:
        28 November 1999.
  4.9.  Limburgse Linux User Group (LILUG)
          Limburgse Linux User Group (LILUG)
     Email:
        frank.eersels@ping.be
     Web:
        
     Contact:
        Frank Eersels frank.eersels@ping.be
     Last modified:
        6 May 1999.
  4.10.  Linux.be vzw/asbl
          Linux.be vzw/asbl
          Non-proft organization to promote Linux in Belgium
     Email:
        info@linux.iguana.be
     Web:
        
     Last modified:
        23 September 1999.
  4.11.  Linux Belgian Team
          Rue d'Aineffe 4
          B-4317 Borlez Faimes
     Email:
        manu@rtfm.be
     Web:
        
     Contact:
        Alexandre J.D. Dulaunoy adulau@rtfm.be
     Last modified:
        25 February 1999.
  4.12.  Linux Gebruikers Oost-Vlaanderen (LGOVL)
          Linux Gebruikers Oost-Vlaanderen
     Email:
        dennis@lgovl.freeservers.com
     Web:
        
     Last modified:
        25 February 1999.
  4.13.  Linux User Group De Bruxelles (BxLUG)
          Linux User Group De Bruxelles (BxLUG)
     Email:
        bxl_information@linuxbe.org
     Web:
        
     Contact:
        Raphael Bauduin bxl_information@linuxbe.org
     Last modified:
        17 July 1999.
  4.14.  Linux User Group De Namur
          Linux User Group De Namur
     Email:
        namur@linuxbe.org
     Web:
        
     Last modified:
        17 July 1999.
  4.15.  Linux User Group Mons
          Linux User Group Mons
     Email:
        webmaster@linuxwallonie.org
     Web:
        
     Last modified:
        26 May 1999.
  4.16.  Linux User Movement Underground Mad Belgian Aliens (LUMUMBA)
          Universiteitslaan 1, Filii Lamberti
          3590 Diepenbeek
     Email:
        helpdesk@lumumba.luc.ac.be
     Web:
        
     Last modified:
        25 February 1999.
  4.17.  linuxbe.org
          linuxbe.org
     Email:
        team@linuxbe.org
     Web:
        
     Contact:
        Cedric Gavage niddle@linuxbe.org
     Last modified:
        7 February 2000.
  4.18.  Louvain-Li-nux (LLN)
          Louvain-Li-nux (LLN)
          Louvain-la-neuve Linux User Group
          Place des paniers 5/014
          B-1348 Louvain-La-neuve
     Phone:
        +32 10 45 47 61
     Email:
        lln@udev.org
     Web:
        
     Contact:
        Benjamin Henrion benjamin.henrion@linuxbe.org
     Last modified:
        15 October 2000.
  4.19.  Open Technology Assembly Linux Special Interest Group
          Kruipstraat 14
          B-1850 Grimbergen
     Phone:
        +32 11 27 58 98
     Fax:
        +32 11 27 03 89
     Email:
        info@ota.be
     Web:
        
     Contact:
        Jan Vanhercke jan.vanhercke@c-cure.be
     Last modified:
        4 March 1999.
  4.20.  Python Blanc Blue Belge (P3B)
      Python Blanc Blue Belge (P3B)
     Web:
        
     Last modified:
        15 October 2000.
  4.21.  Student Information Networking (SIN)
          Kleinhoefstraat 4
          B-2440 Geel
     Email:
        sin@sin.khk.be
     Web:
        
     Last modified:
        12 June 1999.
  4.22.  TINA
     Contact:
        Tina gebruikers vraagtina@digibel.org
     Web:
        
     Last modified:
        25 February 2000.
  4.23.  Unix Lovers Yield Student Services & Internet Support (ULYSSIS)
          Blijde Inkomsstraat 21, lokaal 01.17
          B-3000 Leuven
     Phone:
        +32 16 32 48 61
     Email:
        ulyssis@ulyssis.student.kuleuven.ac.be
     Web:
        
     Last modified:
        25 February 1999.
  4.24.  Zeus WPI - Werkgroep Informatica RUG
          Krijgslaan 281 S9
          B-9000 Gent
     Phone:
        +32 09 264 47 51
     Email:
        info@zeus.rug.ac.be
     Web:
        
     Comment:
        Restricted to RUG students
     Last modified:
        22 June 1999.
  5.  Belgian Linux businesses
  The Linux Documentation Project contains worldwide lists of Linux
  businesses, Linux Consultants HOWTO and V.A.R. HOWTO, and can be found
  at: .
  5.1.  aDOC Services
          Avenue du Pesage, 31-33
          B-1050 Brussels
     Phone:
        +32 2 646 00 76
     Email:
        sales@adoc-services.com
     Web:
        
     Last modified:
        25 February 1999.
  5.2.  Arafox
      Avenue Joseph Wybranlaan 40
      B-1070 Brussels
     Phone:
        +32 2 529 59 91
     Fax:
        +32 2 529 59 92
     Email:
        info@arafox.com
     Web:
        
     Last modified:
        11 February 2000.
  5.3.  Aragne
          Aragne
     Email:
        contact@aragne.com
     Web:
        
     Last modified:
        15 October 2000.
  5.4.  Better Access N.V.
          Geldenaakse Vest 6
          3000 Leuven
     Phone:
        +32 16 29 80 45
     Fax:
        +32 16 29 80 46
     Email:
        info@ba.be
     Web:
        
     Type of support:
        After an onsite installation, we mainly support our customers
        with SSH remote administration. Most problems are reported by E-
        mail or by the inhouse-developped webbased supportsystem. This
        doesn't mean that once in a while a supportcall comes in.
     Special expertise:
        Security, systemadministration and setups, security
        (firewalling, tigerteaming, VPN, etc.) Networkdesign, wireless
        networking, Troubleshooting, product development, etc. Please
        visit http://www.ba.be for more info.
     Last modified:
        7 March 1999.
  5.5.  BIOS Consulting sa/nv
        Chée de Neerstalle 240
        B-1190 Bruxelles
     Phone:
        +32 (0)2 376 61 97
     Fax:
        +32 (0)2 376 23 99
     Email:
        info@biosconsulting.com
     Web:
        
     Last modified:
        27 June 2000.
  5.6.  D. Connect
          Av. Van Goidtsnoven 33
          B-1180 Uccle
     Email:
        webmaster@dconnect.be
     Web:
        
     Last modified:
        25 February 1999.
  5.7.  Double Barrel Consultancy and Productions
          Sportstraat 28
          B-9000 Gent
     Phone:
        +32 9 222 77 64
     Fax:
        +32 9 222 49 76
     Email:
        mvergall@double-barrel.be
     Web:
        
     Contact:
        Michael C. Vergallen mvergall@double-barrel.be
     Type of support:
        phone, email remote network admin, inhouse, onsite.
     Special expertise:
        installation, system admin. internet and intranet connectivity,
        sendmail, firewalls, proxys, nameservers, troubleshooting
        software & hardware.
     Last modified:
        5 March 1999.
  5.8.  grmbl productions
          Korte Vuldersstraat
          B-8000 Brugge
     Phone:
        +32 50 344366
     Email:
        info@grmbl.com
     Web:
        
     Last modified:
        2 March 1999.
  5.9.  LIFE bvba
          Mgr. Vanwaeyenberglaan 6/10
          B-3000 Leuven
     Phone:
        +32 477 57 50 71
     Email:
        info@life.be
     Web:
        
     Contact:
        Jasper Nuyens jasper@life.be
     Type of support:
        LIFE is the first company in Europe to provide 24/7 professional
        support for Linux in Europe. LIFE also provides server and
        desktop installation services, educational services and fixed
        price development. Exclusive on the Linux operating system.
     Special expertise:
        Kernel driver development, database interconnectivity (VPN,
        wireless networking), security auditing (firewall, VPN, ethical
        hacking), e-commerce. See our website for more.
     Last modified:
        20 April 1999.
  5.10.  Mind Linux Solutions
          Vaartstraat 12
          B-3000 Leuven
     Phone:
        +32 (0)16 309 666 or +32 (0)478 274 069
     Fax:
        +32 (0)16 309 644
     Email:
        info@mind.be
     Web:
        
     Contact:
        Peter Vandenabeele peter@mind.be
     Type of support:
        Installation & configuration, auditing & consultancy, support &
        maintenance, training & education, research & development.
     Special expertise:
        We are specialised in installing Linux servers for various
        purposes (Web-, File-, Print- or Mailservers, Routers,
        Firewalls, VPN, ...) in heterogenous networks. We provide
        support and training for Linux and Open Source products and we
        develop custom Linux solutions for our customers.
     Last modified:
        23 April 2000.
  5.11.  Phidani Software SPRL
          Rue de l'autonomie 1
          B-1070 Brussels
     Email:
        info@phidani.be
     Web:
        
     Last modified:
        25 February 1999.
  5.12.  Spier BVBA
          Knaptandstraat 96-98
          B-9100  Sint-Niklaas
     Email:
        info@spier,be
     Web:
        
     Last modified:
        02 March 1999.
  5.13.  VirgoPlus sprl
          Rue Dartois 1
          B-4000 Liège
     Phone:
        +32 4 253 00 59
     Fax:
        +32 4 253 00 49
     Email:
        contact@virgoplus.com
     Web:
        
     Contact:
        Bruno Mairlot bruno@virgoplus.com
     Type of support:
        By phone, email, or remote networked administration, inhouse,
        onsite
     Special expertise:
        Installation, configuration, administration of Linux, internet
        connection, intranet developpment, firewalls, samba, netatalk,
        firewalls, proxys, DNS, web server (Apache), mod_perl, MySQL,
        Gui interface developpment (GTK+).  We have acquired a special
        expertise with the Red Hat distributions.
     Last modified:
        28 June 1999.
  6.  Belgian Linux resources
  6.1.  Websites
  6.1.1.  Linux in Belgium
  ·  Linux in Belgium 
  ·  Belgian HOWTO 
  6.1.2.  Dutch Linux-sites
  ·  
  ·  Nederlandstalige Linux Documentatie Project
     
  ·  Linux Support Website 
  ·  EToS: Educatieve Toepassingen van Open Software
     
  ·  Beginnen met Linux
     
  ·  Installatie Handleiding RedHat 5.2
     
  6.1.3.  French Linux-sites
  ·  LinuxBe.Org 
  ·  Belgian HOWTO in french
     
  ·  Portail LinuxBe.Org 
  ·  linux-france.org 
  6.1.4.  Mirrors in Belgium
  ·  Freshmeat at Chello (TVD) 
  ·  Linuxberg at Wallonie Internet 
  ·  Linuxberg at Online 
  ·  Linuxberg at Pandora (Telenet) 
  ·  Linux Gazette at Belnet
     
  ·  Linux Gazette at Linuxbe 
  ·  LinuxFocus 
  ·  Linux France 
  6.2.  HOWTO
  The most important collection of Linux information on the net. Please
  if you encounter erroneous information in one of them, do contact the
  author. Only that way it will be corrected and we all stand together
  ;)
  6.2.1.  Web
  ·  HOWTO's at KULeuven
  ·  HOWTO's at LinkLine
  ·  HOWTO's at Double-Barrel
  ·  HOWTO's at SIN
  ·  HOWTO's at Linuxbe.org
  6.2.2.  FTP
  ·  HOWTO's at Belnet
  6.3.  HOWTO translations
  As Dutch is less wide-spread, it is the least supported. But work is
  being done to resolve this ;) (and maybe *you* can help ?!?) French
  and German translations obviously are already taken care of.
  6.3.1.  Dutch
  A succesfull initiative is making progress, but there's still a lot to
  do.  If you want to help, start translating and send it there. Check:
  .
  6.3.2.  French
  French translations of HOWTO's can be found at:
  
  6.3.3.  German
  German translations of HOWTO's can be found at:
  
  6.4.  FTP
  Most of the times, it doesn't matter where you got it from, as long as
  it works. But to save you some time and save us some bandwidth, it's
  much better to get it near you ;) Naturally I forgot some, please send
  your additions or corrections.
  6.4.1.  Kernel-sources
  ·  Official Mirror kernel-sources at Chello (TVD)
     
  ·  Mirror kernel-sources at linux.be.eu.org
     
  6.4.2.  Distributions
  ·  Red Hat
  ·  Official Mirror at Belnet
     
     ftp://ftp.belnet.be/mirror/ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/redhat-
     version/arch
  ·  Mirror at Chello (TVD) 
     ftp://ftp.chello.be/mirror/ftp.redhat.com/redhat/redhat-
     version/arch
  ·  Mirror at linux.be.eu.org
     
  ·  Mirror at Pandora (Telenet)
     
     ftp://mirrors.pandora.be/mirrors/ftp.redhat.com/redhat/redhat-
     version/arch
  ·  Debian
  ·  Official Mirror at KULeuven
     
  ·  Official Mirror  at spnet 
  ·  Mirror at EUnet 
  ·  Mirror at Pandora (Telenet)
     
  ·  Mandrake
  ·  Mirror at Belnet 
  ·  Mirror at Chello (TVD)
     
  ·  SuSE
  ·  Mirror at Belnet 
  ·  Mirror at Pandora (Telenet)
     
  ·  Slackware
  ·  Mirror at Globe 
  6.4.3.  Software
  ·  Mirrors at Belnet 
  ·  Mirrors at Chello (TVD) 
  ·  Mirrors at linux.be.eu.org 
  ·  Mirrors at Pandora (Telenet) 
  6.5.  Usenet
  ·   at Linux.iguana.be
     
  ·   at WebWatch
     
  6.6.  Mailinglists
  6.6.1.  Linux in Belgium
  ·  info@linux.iguana.be
  ·  discussions@linux.iguana.be
  ·  builders@linux.iguana.be
  ·  lugs@linux.iguana.be
  6.6.2.  Linux user groups
  ·  BLUG Mailinglist
  ·  L2U Mailinglist
  ·  LILUG Mailinglist
  6.7.  IRC
  The fastest medium to get support is IRC, but beware. Because IRC is
  rather anonymous it's also easy to fool people.
  On IRCnet there's a channel called #linux.be that is closely related
  to bcol and the Belgian Linux-scene. The channel is still small, but
  it surely will grow in time. To get help in English, there's only one
  place #linux.
  Also Dalnet has a #linux.be channel.