한국리눅스유저그룹 - LUG KOREA 토크박스/가입인사 | SW/HW 사용기 | LUG 위키 | wiki 영어공부 | 사이트맵 | 즐겨찾기 | Home
[메일링리스트] - Slashdot | Kernel News | GNOME | KDE | linux.kernel | C++ | wxWidgets | Java | Python | Android
구인/서버,개발자 | 장터 | 리눅스 QA | JSP & JAVA 입문 | 쉘 스크립트 입문 [오타]| gcc/C++ 입문 | CentOS 리눅스구축관리실무 [오타], [찾아보기]
공지 사항 : 유익한 문서/글 자료실 : 보안 : 임베디드 : 안드로이드 : 회원 랭킹 : 한국LUG 소개
2024년 3월 29일 금요일
현재접속자 : 82 (0)
보안 LOGIN :  자동 [ID/PASS 찾기]
총 회원: 20,028명
Today Join: 0명
지역 모임 게시판 : [대구지역] , [서울지역]

[보안로그인 인증서설치]
[회원 이메일 재인증하기]

MY IP : 44.210.107.64





[사이트내 검색]
  ◆ Translation
[ Foreigner Join ]

[ Korean to English ]

[ Korean to Japanese ]

  ◆ 유용한 문서 읽기
  • 리눅스 관련문서
  • 리눅스 맨페이지 검색
  • 리눅스 커널 소스
  • C/C++ Reference
  • C Programing
  • C Socket Programing
  • UNIX IPC
  • Automake/Autotools
  • Python Document
  • wxWidgets Document
  • PHP Document
  • JDK5 API Document
  • JDK6 API Document
  • J2EE API Document
  • JSTL 1.1 Reference
  • MySQL Reference
  • Iptables Tutorial
  • Bash Scripting Guide
  • Android Reference
  • Web Programming
  • JQuery Tutorials
  • node.js guide
  • node.js docs
  •   ◆ LUG 세미나 자료
      ◆ 개발자 게시판 링크
      ◆ 전체 최근게시물
    [ 100일 베스트 100 게시물 ]
    [ 전체 베스트 100 게시물 ]
    * [코][CentOS 리눅스 …
    * [코][CentOS 리눅스 …
    * 가입인사요
    * bacula 백업 서비…
    * 안녕하세요
    * [코]가입인사 드립…
    * [코]debian 원격 CPU …
    * [코]debian 원격 CPU …
    * [코]debian 원격 CPU …
    * [코]debian 원격 CPU …
    * [코]debian 원격 CPU …
    * [코]debian 원격 CPU …
    * debian 원격 CPU …
    * 가입인사 드립…
    * [초대] 아시아 …
      ◆ LUG 회원 동지분들

  • 총회원 : 20,028명

  • 최근 7일간 가입자 : 0명

  • 박원진[경기][10-08]
    권수혁[서울][10-06]
    임호진[서울][10-02]
    손주민[KR][10-01]
    Elliot[KR][09-30]
    김태욱[충남][09-28]
    최선길[서울][09-26]
    조규선[서울][09-26]
    임형규[경북][09-25]
    윤태준[서울][09-24]
      ◆ Recommend Book
    리눅스 입문, 서버운영, 개발입문을 하실분들은 아래 도서를 탐독하시기 바랍니다.

    [ 저자 : 김태용 ]
    1. CentOS 리눅스구축관리실무[출간]
  • [관련자료 링크]
  • [찾아보기(색인)]

    2. 김태용의 gcc와 C++ 기초 입문::gcc로 공부하는 C++ programming과 wxWidgets GUI 개발[출간]
    3. 김태용의 쉘 스크립트 프로그래밍 입문[출간]
    4. 김태용의 JSP 웹 프로그래밍 입문[출간. 2011.01]

  •   ◆ Sponsor
    DNS Powered by DNSEver.com
      ◆ OS, Office 다운로드
    [Download - x86, 32bit]
    CentOS 5.0 커널 업데이트
    * Android Platform
    Linux + Dalvik vm
    * CentOS 5.6
    DVD 넷인스톨시디
    * Fedora 8
    DVD, 라이브시디
    * Fedora 12
    DVD, 라이브시디
    * Fedora 이전버전
    * Ubuntu 9.10 CD
    CD, Kubuntu 9.10
    * VirtualBox
    All Platform
    * 오픈오피스 3.X
    다운로드 사이트
    * Code::Blocks(GCC)
    Code::Blocks 다운로드
    * CodeLite(GCC)
    CodeLite 다운로드
    * 이클립스
    이클립스 다운로드
    * Windows Text Editor
    PsPad
    notepad++
    Komodo Editor, AcroEditor
    * 윈도우용 한글 Putty
    한글 Putty 0.60.h

    [ 한국LUG 소개 ]
    [ Administrator Contact ]
    리눅스용 네이트온 다운로드
      ◆ LUG 접속자 수(IP 수)

    최근 방문자 IP수

    272
    905
    850
    556
    568
    703
    24 25 26 27 28 29
    최대 : 15,320
    전체 : 4,216,674




    Will be Prosumer's Revolution and Technical Revolution in the Future!
    Linux User/Developer is also Windows User/Developer... Cross Platform Engineer...

    "21C 공학인을 대통령, 국회의원으로 만들자!"
    "더욱 더 많은 동지분들이 공학제국 건설에 동참할 수 있도록 널리 알려주세요~" [ F = m * a ]
    과학기술/공학인이 대한민국 국회 의석의 50% 이상을 확보하는 그날을 위하여~ ^___^

  • 한국리눅스유저그룹은 공학인들의 커뮤니티입니다.(http://www.lug.or.kr)
  • 로그인하면 100포인트씩 추가됩니다(1일 1회).
  • 질문을 하기전에 먼저 문서를 검색해서 읽어봅시다! (RTFM : Read The Fine Manual)
  • LUG 동지 여러분께서는 자신이 알고 있는 작은 지식이라도 주저하지 말고 지금 당장 포스팅하시기 바랍니다.
  • 한국리눅스유저그룹 Home ▶ 한국LUG 공지사항
    [본문 프린트하기]
       최근들어 웹서비스 포트에 대한 DOS ATTACK 이 많아져서 mod_evasive를 적용하였습니다.
      글쓴이 : 멀티 [PO : 188,338] 
      작성시간 : 2007-10-11 17:07  
      업데이트 :
    2007-10-11 17:07 
      조회 :
    24906 
      태그 : 태그 없음

    최근 들어 LUG 서버에 해외로 부터 웹서비스 포트 DOS ATTACK이 자주 발생하여

    mod_evasive 모듈을 장착함.

    리눅스 서버에 아파치 웹서버를 이용하시고 계시면

    반드시 mod_evasive 모듈을 장착하시기 바랍니다.

    관련 설명서는 소스에 포함된 파일을 참고하세요.

    공식 사이트 :   http://www.zdziarski.com/projects/mod_evasive/

    망극.


    mod_evasive v1.10.1

    What is mod_evasive?

    mod_evasive is an evasive maneuvers module for Apache to provide evasiveaction in the event of an HTTP DoS or DDoS attack or brute force attack. Itis also designed to be a detection and network management tool, and can be easily configured to talk to ipchains, firewalls, routers, and etcetera. mod_evasivepresently reports abuses via email and syslog facilities.

    Detection is performed by creating an internal dynamic hash table of IPAddresses and URIs, and denying any single IP address from any of the following:
    • Requesting the same page more than a few times per second
    • Making more than 50 concurrent requests on the same child per second
    • Making any requests while temporarily blacklisted (on a blocking list)

    This method has worked well in both single-server script attacks as wellas distributed attacks, but just like other evasive tools, is only asuseful to the point of bandwidth and processor consumption (e.g. theamount of bandwidth and processor required to receive/process/respondto invalid requests), which is why it's a good idea to integrate thiswith your firewalls and routers for maximum protection.

    This module instantiates for each listener individually, and therefore hasa built-in cleanup mechanism and scaling capabilities. Because of this per-childdesign, legitimate requests are never compromised (even from proxies and NAT addresses)but only scripted attacks. Even a user repeatedly clicking on 'reload' should not be affected unless they doit maliciously. mod_evasive is fully tweakable through the Apache configurationfile, easy to incorporate into your web server, and easy to use.

    Downloads:
    Stable [ Version 1.10.1 ] mod_evasive for Apache v1.3 and 2.0, and NSAPI (SunONE)

    CVS Access

    The mod_evasive source tree is available via CVS by using the following commands:
    cvs -d :pserver:cvs@cvs.nuclearelephant.com:/usr/local/cvsroot login
    cvs -d :pserver:cvs@cvs.nuclearelephant.com:/usr/local/cvsroot checkout mod_evasive

    Linux RPMs

    The following links are not official RPMs, but have been submitted asfreely downloadable.

    http://checksuite.sourceforge.net/dl/


    Apache Evasive Maneuvers Module
    For Apache 1.3 and 2.0
    Copyright (c) Deep Logic, Inc.
    Version 1.10 [2005.0117]

    LICENSE

    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
    modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
    as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2
    of the License.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.

    WHAT IS MOD_EVASIVE ?

    mod_evasive is an evasive maneuvers module for Apache to provide evasive
    action in the event of an HTTP DoS or DDoS attack or brute force attack.  It
    is also designed to be a detection tool, and can be easily configured to talk
    to ipchains, firewalls, routers, and etcetera. 

    Detection is performed by creating an internal dynamic hash table of IP
    Addresses and URIs, and denying any single IP address from any of the following:

    - Requesting the same page more than a few times per second
    - Making more than 50 concurrent requests on the same child per second
    - Making any requests while temporarily blacklisted (on a blocking list)

    This method has worked well in both single-server script attacks as well
    as distributed attacks, but just like other evasive tools, is only as
    useful to the point of bandwidth and processor consumption (e.g. the
    amount of bandwidth and processor required to receive/process/respond
    to invalid requests), which is why it's a good idea to integrate this
    with your firewalls and routers.

    This module instantiates for each listener individually, and therefore has
    a built-in cleanup mechanism and scaling capabilities.  Because of this,
    legitimate requests are rarely ever compromised, only legitimate attacks.  Even
    a user repeatedly clicking on 'reload' should not be affected unless they do
    it maliciously.

    Three different module sources have been provided:

    Apache v1.3 API:    mod_evasive.c
    Apache v2.0 API:    mod_evasive20.c
    NSAPI (iPlanet):    mod_evasiveNSAPI.c *

    NOTE: mod_evasiveNSAPI is a port submitted by Reine Persson <reiper@rsv.se>
          and is not officially supported as part of the mod_evasive project.

    HOW IT WORKS

    A web hit request comes in. The following steps take place:

    - The IP address of the requestor is looked up on the temporary blacklist
    - The IP address of the requestor and the URI are both hashed into a "key". 
      A lookup is performed in the listener's internal hash table to determine
      if the same host has requested this page more than once within the past
      1 second. 
    - The IP address of the requestor is hashed into a "key".
      A lookup is performed in the listerner's internal hash table to determine
      if the same host has requested more than 50 objects within the past
      second (from the same child).

    If any of the above are true, a 403 response is sent.  This conserves
    bandwidth and system resources in the event of a DoS attack.  Additionally,
    a system command and/or an email notification can also be triggered to block
    all the originating addresses of a DDoS attack.

    Once a single 403 incident occurs, mod_evasive now blocks the entire IP
    address for a period of 10 seconds (configurable).  If the host requests a
    page within this period, it is forced to wait even longer.  Since this is
    triggered from requesting the same URL multiple times per second, this
    again does not affect legitimate users.

    The blacklist can/should be configured to talk to your network's firewalls
    and/or routers to push the attack out to the front lines, but this is not
    required.

    mod_evasive also performs syslog reporting using daemon.alert.  Messages
    will look like this:

    Aug  6 17:41:49 elijah mod_evasive[23184]: [ID 801097 daemon.alert] Blacklisting address x.x.x.x: possible attack.

    WHAT IS THIS TOOL USEFUL FOR?

    This tool is *excellent* at fending off request-based DoS attacks or scripted
    attacks, and brute force attacks. When integrated with firewalls or IP filters,
    mod_evasive can stand up to even large attacks. Its features will prevent you
    from wasting bandwidth or having a few thousand CGI scripts running as a
    result of an attack. 

    If you do not have an infrastructure capable of fending off any other types
    of DoS attacks, chances are this tool will only help you to the point of
    your total bandwidth or server capacity for sending 403's.  Without a solid
    infrastructure and address filtering tool in place, a heavy distributed DoS
    will most likely still take you offline. 

    HOW TO INSTALL

    APACHE v1.3
    -----------

    Without DSO Support:

    1. Extract this archive into src/modules in the Apache source tree

    2. Run ./configure --add-module=src/modules/evasive/mod_evasive.c

    3. make, install

    4. Restart Apache

    With DSO Support, Ensim, or CPanel:

    1. $APACHE_ROOT/bin/apxs -iac mod_evasive.c

    2. Restart Apache

    APACHE v2.0
    -----------

    1. Extract this archive

    2. Run $APACHE_ROOT/bin/apxs -i -a -c mod_evasive20.c

    3. The module will be built and installed into $APACHE_ROOT/modules, and loaded into your httpd.conf

    4. Restart Apache

    NSAPI
    SunONE (iPlanet,netscape) Installation
    --------------------------------------

    Tested on:
    iPlanet 4.1sp12
    iPlanet 6.0sp5

    Edit compile script for your environment and compile mod_evasiveNSAPI.c
    to a shared library.

    CONFIGURATION

    mod_evasive has default options configured, but you may also add the
    following block to your httpd.conf:

    APACHE v1.3
    -----------

    <IfModule mod_evasive.c>
        DOSHashTableSize    3097
        DOSPageCount        2
        DOSSiteCount        50
        DOSPageInterval     1
        DOSSiteInterval     1
        DOSBlockingPeriod   10
    </IfModule>

    APACHE v2.0
    -----------
    <IfModule mod_evasive20.c>
        DOSHashTableSize    3097
        DOSPageCount        2
        DOSSiteCount        50
        DOSPageInterval     1
        DOSSiteInterval     1
        DOSBlockingPeriod   10
    </IfModule>

    Optionally you can also add the following directives:

        DOSEmailNotify    you@yourdomain.com
        DOSSystemCommand    "su - someuser -c '/sbin/... %s ...'"
        DOSLogDir        "/var/lock/mod_evasive"

    You will also need to add this line if you are building with dynamic support:

    APACHE v1.3
    -----------

    AddModule    mod_evasive.c

    APACHE v2.0
    -----------

    LoadModule evasive20_module modules/mod_evasive20.so

    (This line is already added to your configuration by apxs)

    NSAPI
    SunONE (iPlanet,Netscape) Configuration
    --------------------------------------
                                                                                   
    Configure iPlanet 4.1
    ---------------------

    Edit obj.conf:
                                                                                   
    Init fn="load-modules" funcs="mod_evasive_init,mod_evasive_check" shlib="/opt/ns-4.1/plugins/lib/mod_evasive.sl"
                                                                                   
    Init fn="mod_evasive_init" DOSPageCount=2 DOSSiteCount=50 DOSPageInterval=1 DOSSiteInterval=1 DOSBlockingPeriod=10 DOSWhitelist="10.60.0.7,10.65.0.10"
                                                                                   
    In the default object:
    PathCheck fn=mod_evasive_check
                                                                                   
    Or an own object
    <Object name="evasive" ppath="/DoSProtectedArea*">
    NameTrans fn=mod_evasive_check
    </Object>
                                                                                   
                                                                                   
    Configure iPlanet 6.0
    ---------------------
                                                                                   
    Edit magnus.conf:
                                                                                   
    Init fn="load-modules" funcs="mod_evasive_init,mod_evasive_check" shlib="/opt/iplanet-6.0/plugins/lib/mod_evasive.sl"
                                                                                   
    Init fn="mod_evasive_init" DOSWhitelist="10.60.0.7,10.65.0.10"
                                                                                   
    Edit obj.conf:
    In the default object:
    PathCheck fn=mod_evasive_check
                                                                                   
    Or an own object
    <Object name="evasive" ppath="/DoSProtectedArea*">
    NameTrans fn=mod_evasive_check
    </Object>

    DOSHashTableSize
    ----------------

    The hash table size defines the number of top-level nodes for each child's
    hash table.  Increasing this number will provide faster performance by
    decreasing the number of iterations required to get to the record, but
    consume more memory for table space.  You should increase this if you have
    a busy web server.  The value you specify will automatically be tiered up to
    the next prime number in the primes list (see mod_evasive.c for a list
    of primes used).

    DOSPageCount
    ------------

    This is the threshhold for the number of requests for the same page (or URI)
    per page interval.  Once the threshhold for that interval has been exceeded,
    the IP address of the client will be added to the blocking list.
     
    DOSSiteCount
    ------------

    This is the threshhold for the total number of requests for any object by
    the same client on the same listener per site interval.  Once the threshhold
    for that interval has been exceeded, the IP address of the client will be added
    to the blocking list.

    DOSPageInterval
    ---------------

    The interval for the page count threshhold; defaults to 1 second intervals.

    DOSSiteInterval
    ---------------

    The interval for the site count threshhold; defaults to 1 second intervals.

    DOSBlockingPeriod
    -----------------

    The blocking period is the amount of time (in seconds) that a client will be
    blocked for if they are added to the blocking list.  During this time, all
    subsequent requests from the client will result in a 403 (Forbidden) and
    the timer being reset (e.g. another 10 seconds).  Since the timer is reset
    for every subsequent request, it is not necessary to have a long blocking
    period; in the event of a DoS attack, this timer will keep getting reset.

    DOSEmailNotify
    --------------

    If this value is set, an email will be sent to the address specified
    whenever an IP address becomes blacklisted.  A locking mechanism using /tmp
    prevents continuous emails from being sent.

    NOTE: Be sure MAILER is set correctly in mod_evasive.c
          (or mod_evasive20.c).  The default is "/bin/mail -t %s" where %s is
          used to denote the destination email address set in the configuration. 
          If you are running on linux or some other operating system with a
          different type of mailer, you'll need to change this.

    DOSSystemCommand
    ----------------

    If this value is set, the system command specified will be executed
    whenever an IP address becomes blacklisted.  This is designed to enable
    system calls to ip filter or other tools.  A locking mechanism using /tmp
    prevents continuous system calls.  Use %s to denote the IP address of the
    blacklisted IP.

    DOSLogDir
    ---------

    Choose an alternative temp directory

    By default "/tmp" will be used for locking mechanism, which opens some
    security issues if your system is open to shell users.

          http://security.lss.hr/index.php?page=details&ID=LSS-2005-01-01

    In the event you have nonprivileged shell users, you'll want to create a
    directory writable only to the user Apache is running as (usually root),
    then set this in your httpd.conf.

    WHITELISTING IP ADDRESSES

    IP addresses of trusted clients can be whitelisted to insure they are never
    denied.  The purpose of whitelisting is to protect software, scripts, local
    searchbots, or other automated tools from being denied for requesting large
    amounts of data from the server.  Whitelisting should *not* be used to add
    customer lists or anything of the sort, as this will open the server to abuse.
    This module is very difficult to trigger without performing some type of
    malicious attack, and for that reason it is more appropriate to allow the
    module to decide on its own whether or not an individual customer should be
    blocked.

    To whitelist an address (or range) add an entry to the Apache configuration
    in the following fashion:

    DOSWhitelist    127.0.0.1
    DOSWhitelist    127.0.0.*

    Wildcards can be used on up to the last 3 octets if necessary.  Multiple
    DOSWhitelist commands may be used in the configuration.

    TWEAKING APACHE

    The keep-alive settings for your children should be reasonable enough to
    keep each child up long enough to resist a DOS attack (or at least part of
    one).  Remember, it is the child processes that maintain their own internal
    IP address tables, and so when one exits, so does all of the IP information it
    had. For every child that exits, another 5-10 copies of the page may get
    through before putting the attacker back into '403 Land'.  With this said,
    you should have a very high MaxRequestsPerChild, but not unlimited as this
    will prevent cleanup.

    You'll want to have a MaxRequestsPerChild set to a non-zero value, as
    DosEvasive cleans up its internal hashes only on exit.  The default
    MaxRequestsPerChild is usually 10000.  This should suffice in only allowing
    a few requests per 10000 per child through in the event of an attack (although
    if you use DOSSystemCommand to firewall the IP address, a hole will no
    longer be open in between child cycles).

    TESTING

    Want to make sure it's working? Run test.pl, and view the response codes.
    It's best to run it several times on the same machine as the web server until
    you get 403 Forbidden messages. Some larger servers with high child counts
    may require more of a beating than smaller servers before blacklisting
    addresses.

    Please don't use this script to DoS others without their permission.

    KNOWN BUGS

    - This module appears to conflict with the Microsoft Frontpage Extensions.
      Frontpage sucks anyway, so if you're using Frontpage I assume you're asking
      for problems, and not really interested in conserving server resources anyway.

    FEEDBACK

    ...



  • 눈팅만으로는 전체글을 볼 수 없습니다. 로그인하셔야 합니다.

    - 日新又日新 -
    한국LUG: http://www.lug.or.kr
    이메일 :
    페이스북 :
    네이트온 메신저:

    * 2007년 *
    1. CentOS 리눅스 구축관리실무 집필
    2007년 12월 출판 - 출판사 : (주)수퍼유저코리아
    * 2009년 *
    2. 김태용의 C++ 기초 입문 :: gcc로 공부하는 C++와 wxWidgets GUI 집필
    2009년 03월 출판 - 출판사: (주)수퍼유저코리아
    3. 김태용의 리눅스 쉘 스크립트 프로그래밍 입문 집필
    2009년 9월 출판 - 출판사: 제이펍
    * 2011년 *
    4. 김태용의 JSP 웹 프로그래밍 입문
    2011년 1월 출판 - 출판사: 제이펍

  • 인생목표 프로젝트
    - 공학/기술인의 위상을 높이고, 공학과 기술중심의 TechNation Korea 건설을 위한 공학정치 실현
    - 공학/기술인을 대한민국의 수장으로 만들기
    - 1000만 달러 벌기 -> 우수 공학인재 서포팅하기

    서식지 : 대구 어느 골짜기..
    Who am I?

    [한국리눅스유저그룹]의 글을 퍼가실때에는 반드시 [출처]를 표시해 주시는 센스가 필요합니다!
    지금 이시간, 공부하고 있는 당신은 머지않아 최고가 될 것입니다. 즐겁게 공부하시고, 힘내십시오!
    포스팅 글이 유용하셨다면 RSS를 구독하시면 됩니다.
    유용하고, 좋은글 포스팅 바랍니다. 포스팅된 글은 (전세계)? 대부분의 소셜 사이트에 포스팅됩니다.



  • [본문 프린트하기]

    [포인트 정책] :: 글읽기 : 0점(글쓴이는 포인트 받음), 글쓰기 : +20점, 코멘트 : +10점, 다운로드 : -200점
    총조회수 : 612,160회 | 전체글 : 245건 | 게시글 : 9건 | 코멘트 : 236건
    번호 제목 글쓴이 날짜 조회
    9 [축~] LUG 동지가 1만명을 돌파했어요!!! (16) 김태용
    PO : 188,338
    12-12 8243
    8 2008년 9월 이전 가입자분들은 이메일 재인증 부탁드… 김태용
    PO : 188,338
    09-06 6834
    7 위키페이지 와 노트북 게시판을 만들어 봤습니다. 멀티
    PO : 188,338
    01-28 9184
    6 "다음" 에서 oss 미러링을 많이 하고 있네요. 멀티
    PO : 188,338
    11-03 11837
    5 최근들어 웹서비스 포트에 대한 DOS ATTACK 이 많아져서… 멀티
    PO : 188,338
    10-11 24907
    4 CentOS 리눅스 구축관리 실무 저자 직강 중입니다. (6) 멀티
    PO : 188,338
    10-08 30049
    3 CentOS 커뮤니티 엔터프라이즈 리눅스 서버 가이드 목… (6) 멀티
    PO : 188,338
    06-20 24914
    2 11회 세미나 종료 / 다음 세미나때 뵙겠습니다. ^^ (4) 멀티
    PO : 188,338
    04-15 13149
    1 (수정)11회 세미나 예정사항[2007년 4월 15일 일요일] - … 멀티
    PO : 188,338
    02-09 20557
    [게시판 맨위로]
    한국LUG는 대한민국의 리눅스 지식인[사용자/개발자]들의 커뮤니티입니다. [매년 1~2회의 공개세미나 개최]
    한국LUG : 울산 - 광주 - 전북 - 인천 - 대전 - LUG 위키

    [Linux Distribution] : CentOS | Ubuntu | Fedora | WhiteBox | Debian | Slackware | Gentoo | openSuSE

    "Linux" is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. "Linux is Kernel"
    - 리눅스는 공짜가 아니라 자유[Free & Effort]입니다 -
    [인터넷 서점/출판사 링크] : 강컴 | 알라딘 | 인터파크 | 예스24 | 교보문고 | 수퍼유저코리아 | 제이펍
    한국LUG 사이트는 1024 x 768 해상도(운영자 노트북:14")에 최적화 되어 있습니다. : LINUX FANSITE
    WWW.LUG.OR.KR Server is made by CentOS Linux, P4 1.8G, Memory 512MB, Main HDD 160GB, Backup HDD 40GB and LAMP, qmail MTA.
    CentOS Linux & Mozilla Firefox UTF-8 Base Created.
    visitor stats
    1998-2024 www.lug.or.kr   Directed By Great Dragon, Kim.   Top
    LUG 포인트 정책 : [회원가입 : +100점] [로그인(하루한번) : +100점] [글쓰기 : +20점] [코멘트 : +10점] [다운로드 : -200점] [질문 포인트 : 최소 200점]
    데스크탑 프로그래밍(gcc, g++, wxGTK[wxWidgets] 등)은 "Fedora"를 사용하고, 서버 운영(WEB, FTP 등)은 "CentOS"를 사용하시길 권장합니다.
    도전하는자, 자신을 투자하는자만이 뜻하는바를 이룰 수 있다.
    Information should be Exchanged with Interactive, not One Way Direction.
    준회원, 정회원, 우수회원, VIP회원, 기업회원, 관리자
    Be Maker!
    인생에서, 100% 순이익을 보장하는건 없다. 1%의 지식을 나눔으로써, 가끔씩 손해볼 필요도 있다.
    그대가 가진 1%의 지식만이라도 공공을 위해 포스팅하라. 손해본다는 생각이 앞선다면 그대의 인생은 힘들어질것이다.
    자신이 가진 지식의 1%도 투자하지 않고, 오로지 자신의 이익만 탐하는자와는 동지가 되지마라.
    만나서 대화하면 모두 좋은 사람들이지만, 유독 인터넷에서만 자신을 밝히지 않고, 좀비로 서식하는 사람들이 많다.
    부지불식간[不知不識間], 좀비(하류) 인생이 될지도 모르니, 항상 자신을 경계하도록 하라.
    홈으로~
    [도서 안내]
    1. CentOS Linux
    2. gcc로 공부하는 C++
    베스트셀러 입성^^

    3. 쉘 스크립트 입문
    4. JSP 입문

    아래 배너들은 LUG 세미나 모임에 도움을 주신(실) 멋진 기업들입니다. ^^