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   Linux Focus     
                  ּҿ   ֽϴ.  
 1. Ұ Ʈ ũƮ ó ̴. ֿ Ʈ ũƮ Ʈ ġ ƴ϶ Ʈ ũƮ ְ ̷ο ߰ 鿡 ϴ ̴. Ʈ ũƮ ̶ Ѵ. Ʈ ũƮ ̵ 22, Evans & Sutherland ǻ ȸ翡 ٹϴ John Gaffney. ʿ " ý" Ҹٰ Ŀ Adobe 翡 Ͽ Ʈ ũƮ ̸ ġ μ ϰ Ǿ. Adobe 1982 Chuck Geschke John Wamock Ͽ Ǿ. Geshke J. Wamock ΰ κ þ, Doug Brotz, Billi Paxton,  Ed Taft þҴ.  Ϲ ڿ , ϳ ֿ ۼ μ ް ִ. Ʈ ũƮ ſ Կ ұϰ Ϲݻ Ʈ ũƮ ٴ ܼϸ ս ̽ ϴ Ϲ μ۾ ٸ ۾ ؼ δ Ʈ ũƮ ̿ϰ ִ. ̷ Ʈ ũƮ , ä, ̹ μ, и, ùķ̼ǰ ִϸ̼  ܺ Ÿ ſ 츮 ģ ̾ ִ. Ʈ ũƮ αֿ Ѵٸ  ϸ ƴ ̴. Ʈ ũƮ ɾ Ϳ ؼ ȴ. ߿ Aladdin Enterprise "ghostscript" ͳ  ǰ ִ. ̿ Ҿ "ghostview"  ̽ ǰ ִ. GNU Ʈ  ghostscript ִ. ̷ α ÷ 밡ϸ ֿ ǿ ̵ ⺻ ԵǾ ִ. ⼭ ghostscript  õ ,  ؼ ٷ ̴. 翡 Ǵ ٸ  Ʈ ũƮ Ϳ ϴ.   ϴ xterm ghostscript . ghostscript Űó Ʒ ۵ , ghostscript ɾ Ʈ ̴.  Initializing...done. Ghostscript 2.6.2 
                (4/19/95) Copyright (C) 1990-1995 Aladdin Enterprises, Menlo 
                Park, CA. All rights reserved. Ghostscript comes with NO WARRANTY: 
                see the file COPYING for details. ̿ ÿ ghostscript ɾ Ʈ ϳ 찡 ̴. ghostscript ⸦ Ѵٸ ܼ GS> Ʈ  quit Էϰų Ctrl-D ġ ȴ. Ghostscript ɾ Ͽ о鿩 ų ִ.   sample.ps ̸ ٰ غ. Ͽ Ǿ ghostscript ɾ ϵǾ ִ. Ͽ ִ ü ٷ Ʈ ũƮ α Ǵ ̴. 츮 Ʒ Ʈ Էϰ Ǹ ȿ ִ ghostscript ɾ ǰ ȴ. gs sample.ps  ghostscript 쿡 sample.ps ִ α 뿡  ǥõǰ ȴ. ( α  ǥ 쿡 . Ʈ ũƮ ̳ ٸ ִ. ̷ ɵ κп ڼ ٷ ̴.) ȴٸ ghostscript 쿡 ù ǥõ showpage Ʈ ghostscript ɾ ο Ű Է ٸ ְ ̴. Ʈ ũƮ Reverse Polish Notation(RPN - HP ) Ѵ. ٽ ؼ ɾ ĶͰ ɾ տ ̰ ȴٴ ̴. ɾ Ķʹ ĭ еȴ. Ʈ ũƮ ڷ ó ɾ ؼ ̿ϸ Ʈ ũƮ ǿ, ,   õ 4 ִ. ǿ Ϸ Ʈ ũƮ ü ִ. ⼭ Ʈ ũƮ ü ǿڿ Ʈ ũƮ ̾߱ϴ ̴. Ʒ . 20 30 add 10 sub 40 ȴ. 20 30 add κп 50 sub ڴ 50 10 40 ϰ ȴ. mul() div() ϸ ȴ. '=' ǿ ÿ ϳ ü ǥ Ͽ ؽƮ · ϰ ȴ. ̶ ڿ ο Ѵ. '= =' 쿡 '='ڿ ϳ ٸ ؽƮ ° ƴ syntax Ѵ. pop ɾ ǿ ִ Ҹ ҰѴ. ÿ ؼ κп ڼ ̴. (ǿ ȿ) 
 2. Ʈ ũƮ   Ʈ ũƮ   ؼ 켱 Ÿ غƾ Ѵ. ġ Ʈ ũƮ  1ġ 1/70ʽ ũ ȼ ǥѴ. Ʒ κ ǥ (0,0) ȴ. ʱ ũⰡ 612, 792 ߾ ִ. ũ ũ . ũ⸦ Ʒ ٲ ִ.    note for 540 and 720 or ɾ gs> Ʈ ԷµǾ Ѵ. 'a4' ɾ ũ ش. ũ κ gs-statd.ps ʱȭ Ͽ /usr/lib/ghostscript 丮 ִ. Ѽ ִ. ̿ ڼ κп ٽ ȴ. ϴ ⺻ ũ Ѵٰ ϵ . ° ũ⸦ , Ŀ  ġ ´. Ŀ ̵Ű ɾ ̿Ѵ. x y moveto ɾ Ŀ x, yŭ ̵ؼ ġϰ ȴ. ɾ ٿ Ʈ ũƮ Լ C Fortran 밳 ũƮ ϹǷ ĶͰ տ ȴ. ̷ Լ Ÿ ٸ Ȯ ٸ ̹Ƿ  ο ο Ѵ. ν   غ ƴ. ϳ  .  ؼ ɾ ؾ Ѵ. xx yy lineto ⼭ xx ǥ, yy ǥ Ÿ. Ű Ҵ x, y ȴ. ᱹ x, y xx, yy  ȴ. ̺  쿡 ɾ newpath stroke ɾ ؾ Ѵ.  ݺ 簢  Ʈ ũƮ α . α sample.ps Ͽ Ǿ ִٰ Ѵٸ Ʒ ̴.   newpath ⼭ ɾ ο ٿ Է  ʿ . ɾ ̿ ĭ ٿ ٿᵵ . Ʈ ũƮ ٸ Ÿ α ּ ɵ ִ. ٿ ۼƮ('%') ȣ ڿ Ϳ ּ ֵȴ.   newpath xterm Ʈ gs sample1.ps Էϸ ο ghostscript Ǹ鼭 ȿ 츮 ϴ 簢 ǥõ ̴. ̷  ǥϱ Ź  ų ʿ . gs Ʈ  Ʒ Էϸ Ȱ ִ. (sample1.ps) run stroke ɾ Ϳ   Ѵ. 쿡 ̰ 200, 150  , ǥõǾ 簢 . 쿡 , ʿ  ε ۼ ִ. ֵ moveto lineto ϸ ﰢ  ǥ ִ.   ɾ ͵ rmoveto rlineto ɾ Ѵ. ɾ Ķ ʿ ϸ Ʒ . x y rmoveto x y rlineto x y ʱ ġ ġ , Ÿ Ÿ. rmoveto rlineto 'r' 'relative(ϴ, )' Ÿ. ڼ ̾߱ϸ ù ° ɾ Ŀ ġ x ŭ y ŭ ̵Ų. ° ɾ ϰ ϴµ ٸ  Ŀ ̵Ųٴ ̴. ( ߴ.. Ҹ...) ڵ Ǵ ⺻ β Ѵ. ⺻ β 1ȼ̴.  ڰ β α   ִ. Ʒ ɾ ̷ Ѵ. x setlinewidth ⼭ x β ȼ Ÿ ̴. ȿ β ȿϴ. Ʈ ũƮ  ۾  ѵ ʴ´. ȣ  ִ. ȣ  ɾ . x y r a b arc ⼭ x ȣ ߽ ǥ, y ȣ ߽ ǥ, r ȣ , a κ ,  b ȣ Ÿ. ݽð þ ȴ. ȣ Ŀ Ÿ ġ Ŀ ġ ȣ ̿ ÷ǰ ȴ. θ  ణ ϴµ ̹Ƿ ڼ ϵ .   3 setlinewidth ȣ Ŀ ġ ġ ʴ Ƿ Ǹ ← Ѵ.  ġ ġŰ  ϳ ִ.   ؼ ʱ Ŀ ġ ؾ ϴµ ƿ ְ ȴ. ̷ Ǹ ʷ Ⱑ ۵ Ⱑ ٷ ǰ ȴ. ʱ newpath ɾ Ǹ Ʈ ũƮ Ҵ Ŀ ǰ Ⱑ ۵Ǵ ġ  νĵǰ Ǵ ̴. ټ ° newpath ɾ ٲپ Ÿ ִ. ̷ ٲپ α ٽ ʴ ̴. δ newpath ɾ Ŵν ۵ȴ. ΰ ֵ ʱȭ Ų. Ŀ ɾ ̿Ͽ ο θ ϰ ȴ. arc ɾ Ϻ  ̿ ִ. ܼ 0, 360 Էϱ⸸ ϸ ȴ. newpath ɾ Ἥ θ , arc ɾ Ἥ Ϻ ´ٸ, Ʈ ũƮ scaling ̿Ͽ Ÿ ִ. ڴ scale ɾ ̿Ͽ η ǥǴ , Ȯ, ִ. scale ɾ ̴. x y scale ⼭ x  Ȯ/ ̸, y Ȯ/ ̴. x, y 1 Ǹ ƹ  ġ ȴ. Ȯ/ ɾ scale ɾ ԷµDZ ϰ ȴ. ù ° scale ɾ , ٽ scale ɾ ̿Ͽ Ȯ/ ڰ ǰ Ǹ Ȯ/ ڰ õǴ ƴϰ Ͱ Ǵ ġ ȴ. ù ° Ȯ/ ڷ x1, y1 ϰ, ° Ȯ/ ڷ x2, y2 ߴٸ ° scale Ȯ/ ڰ x1*x2, y1*y2 ȴ. ̷ Ȯ/Ҹ 쿡 ݵ ο ξ Ѵ. ؼ Ȯ/Ҹ غ .   3 setlinewidth α Ѻ ְ Ȯ/ ɾ Ӹ ƴ϶ β ģ. α Ÿ β ٸ ͵ ̷ ̴. Ʈ ũƮ ȣ  ٸ ɾ ִ. ϳ arcn ɾ ɾ  ⸸ arc ɾ ȿ . arc ɾ ð ȣ  ݸ, arcn ɾ ð ȣ . ٸ ϳ arcn ɾ ɾ ־ ϴ  Ѵ. arcto ɾ . x1 y1 x2 y2 r arcto xt1 yt1 xt2 yt2 ⼭ xt1, yt1, xt2, yt2 ȣ ǥ Ÿ x0, y0, x1, y1 x1, y1, x2, y2 ǥ Ÿ. ⼭ x0, y0 ǹѴ.  r ȣ Ÿ. arc ɾ Ŀ ġ ġ ̿ ǥõǰ ȴ. Ⱑ Ŀ ġ xt2, yt2 ȴ.  ٿ Ʈ ũƮ Bezier ˰ curveto ɾ ִ. ɾ ־ ڷῡ ,ܻ ϰ ȴ. Ʒ . x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 curveto ⼭  x0, y0 ȴ. x0, y0, x1, y1 ϴ ϰ Ǹ, x3, y3̸ x2, y2, x3, y3 ϴ ϰ ȴ. ⺻ (, , Ÿ ) ٸ ֵǸ  ȴ. 
 Ʈ ũƮ ǥ Ʈ ũƮ ǵ ⺻ ǰ ִ Ʈ Ͽ پ Ʈ ִ. Ʈ ִ ϴ Ʈ ϴ ɵ ϰ ִ. Ϸ̴.   /Times-roman findfont α ֵ findfont ɾ ϰϴ Ʈ Ϸ Ǵ ɾ̴. Ʈ ̸ '/' ϸ findfont ɾ Ķͷμ ɾ տ ־. '/' ͷ Ͽ Ʈ ̸ ÿ ְ Ѵ. Ŀ ÿ ؼ ڼ ̾߱ ̴. Ʈ ã Ŀ scalefont ɾ ̿Ͽ Ʈ Ȯ/Ҹ ϰ ȴ. Ȯ/ ڴ ɾ κп ȴ. Ʈ Ȯ/ , setfont ɾ ̿Ͽ Ʈ ϵ . moveto ɾ ̿Ͽ Ŀ ϴ ġ Ű Ÿ ȣ('()') ο show ɾ Ķͷ Ѱ ȴ. Ŀ showpage ɾ ̿Ͽ տ ǥ ְ ȴ. ٸ Ʈ, ũ ٸ ġ ǥϿ. Ʈ ũƮ Ʈ ý Ʈ ã ִ. , ̳ Ÿ ٸ ̿Ͽ ִ. ̷δ  ε ǥ ִ. Ǵ  ϴĴ ̴. 
 Ʈ ũƮ   äϱ. Ʈ ũƮ   äϴµ Ǵ ɵ ִ. 켱 äϴµ Ǵ ɾ 캸 . Ʈ ũƮ ⺻ Ѵ. 츮 ± Ʈߴ α θ ǥǾ ̴. Ʈ ũƮ ä ɾ ִ. ù ° setrgbcolor ɾν ɾ r, g, b , ʷ, Ķ Ͽ ǥϰ ȴ. 0 255̸ Ǽ Ǵ Ҽ Ʒ 3ڸ ϴ. ɾ Ʒ . x y z setrgbcolor ⼭ x, y, z  , ʷ, Ķ  
                 Ÿ setrgbcolor ɾ տ ̰ ȴ.   
                1 0 0 setrgbcolor  ʷϻ    쿡 
                , ʷ, Ķ Į  1 1 1  ϸ  ̴.  
                  ɾ ̿Ͽ  ϰ Ǹ ٽ ٲٱ  
                Ŀ ų    տ   ǥȴ. 
                 Ƚ   ̸ ̿Ͽ   ڰ 
                ϴ  ǥ  ִ. ° ɾ setcmykcolor ɾν ɾ ƴ ʷ ؼ Ѵ. δ ûϻ, ȫ, , ִ. 0 1 ϵ ִ. ɾ Ʒ . w x y z setcmykcolor ⼭ w, x, y, z ûϻ, ȫ, , ϵ Ÿ setcmykcolor ɾ ĶͰ ȴ. Ư¡ տ setrgbcolorɾ ϴ. ° ɾ sethsbcolor ɾ . x y z sethsbcolor ⼭ x, y, z Į ٸ Ư Ÿ. ù ° Ʈ ġ Ÿ hue Ÿ. ° ä, ° Ÿ. Ʈ  Į ġ, ä, ؾ Ȳ ȴ. hsbcolor ͼġ ڴ xfig غ ٶ. Ʈ ũƮ   κп ߿ ɾ fill closepath ̴. Ʈ ũƮ ̿   äϱ Ȯϰ ִ ̴.   1 1 0 0 setcmykcolor ⼭ closepath ɾ ִ ο ̾ θ ݵ .  fill ɾ θ äϴ Ѵ. Ʈ ũƮ ɾ Ͽ ȸ ִ. x setgray ⼭ x ȸ ϵ Ÿ 0 1̴. x 0̶ , 1̶ ǥϰ ȴ. setgray ɾ ̿ϴ ̴.   0.0 setgray 縦 Ʈ ũƮ ſ ŷ ڰ ִٸ 翡 ϰ ȭ α ϴ ̴. 翡 Ʈ ũƮ  ṵ̈ 鿡 ̾߱⸦ ϵ ϰڴ. |