Will be Prosumer's Revolution and Technical Revolution in the Future!
Linux User/Developer is also Windows User/Developer... Cross Platform Engineer...
"21C 공학인을 대통령, 국회의원으로 만들자!" "더욱 더 많은 동지분들이 공학제국 건설에 동참할 수 있도록 널리 알려주세요~" [ F = m * a ]
과학기술/공학인이 대한민국 국회 의석의 50% 이상을 확보하는 그날을 위하여~ ^___^
Author's notes - This thread has picked up some interest from the Internet by readers who commented the title without reading its content. For this reason I summarize the information briefly as follow:-
(1) A simple howto procedure, which is applicable from 1 to 300+ systems, is described. (Let me know if there is anything simpler or easier) (2) One standard Linux boot loader controls all the systems. (indirectly becasue every system has its own original boot loader preserved) (3) The controlling boot loader is not attached to any operating system (This is my own choice. Grub can be attached to any OS, even in ntfs partition as work around available). (4) 3 Dos, 5 Windows, 137 Linux (more Linux since added plus one Solaris and 2 BSD) using 3 Pata and 2 Sata hard disks) (The number is limited by the availability of partitions/hard disks) (5) Every system is booted identically and universally by the same 3 lines of commands. No need to worry what OS it is. (using the exactly the method every Linux boots a Windows but on all other systems) (6) The 145-system booting menu can be created ahead of the installation of the systems. (I believe this has not been tried before) (7) A nested Grub menu system is showed (Showned in Post #32 to #34. This probably has not been tried before)
Although not indicated by the thread these points should be obvious to experienced PC users
(a) The described procedure is applicable to any boot loader. (Grub happens to be the easiest while the others may have various limitations or take too long or too much work to achieve the similar goal). (b) Everything is standard, no new thing invented, no hacking involved and the technology has been there all the time (Anyone can do it. I am just the one who is willing to write about it) (c) The arrangement makes every system suitable for booting manually, say by a Grub floppy or booted by any other boot loader(Every system is self sufficient with its own boot loader inside the boot sector of the residing partition)
How to install and boot 145 operating systems in a PC
The 145 systems are:-
3 Dos 5 Windows 137 Linux
I have also installed most of the PC-based BSD and Solaris together with a Darwin x86 too but these systems dislike to co-exist with a large number of other systems so I have to keep them off in another PC until I find a way to tackle the technical issues. (edited : latest arrangement in Post #32, #33 and #34)
There are only 3 steps in this howto.
Step 1 – A simple hardware scheme
An operating system needs to reside in a home. That is a partition to me. I used 2x300Gb Pata disk and 2x200 Sata Disk to set up 152 partitions. I always put one operating system in one partition. As an extended partition of each hard disk has no storage of its own, one data-only partition is needed for my personal data, another data-only partition to house the common boot loader and one Swap partition is needed for all the Linux I ended up losing 7 partitions leaving 145 partitions to house the 145 operating systems.
Step 2 – A simple boot scheme
I put Grub in a data-only partition, created a boot menu to boot all the partitions before any of the operating systems was installed. When a partition is filled the system inside becomes bootable instantly. This scheme is dead simple, technically sound, perfectly applicable is every situation but can be viewed unconventional to some PC users. For those who know nothing about Grub it is just one of the two boot loaders commonly used in Linux. The other one is called Lilo possibly used by less than 40% of the Linux distros at the begining of 2007.
In a nutshell I use this Grub to boot up the boot loader of any of the 145 systems that I choose to use. Afterward it is the duty of the second boot loader that brings up its master.
Step 3 – A simple installation scheme
It is really simple. I just installed each system inside a single partition. For MS systems there is more work as I had to install each as a stand alone system so that it always boot to a “C” drive. I then moved the disks with the MS systems to the final position and edit Grub's menu file to boot it back to a “C” drive status.
My scheme depends every system having a boot loader inside its root partition. This is inherent in every MS systems and other operating systems that rely on booting from a bootable primary partition. For Linux it is an optional choice.
Hardware used
The PC is a self-assembled unit using the cheap components available. Nothing to write home about. Just average for an ordinary PC user say 5 years behind the latest technology as this is all I can afford.
Motherboard : Asrock 939NF4G-SATA2 CPU : AMD 939 64 +3200 Ram :1025Mb Video : Onboard integrated NV44 graphics DX9.0 VGA Hard disk 2x300Gb Maxtor 133/Mb/s Pata Diamond Max 10 2x200Gb 150Mb/s Sata-I Maxtor Diamond Maxline III Sound card : SoundBlaster 5.1 Network card : Generic Realtek 8139 10/100 Entrnet Keyboard : Generic PS/2 keyboard Mouse : Generic PS/2 mouse
Essential tools
(1) A bootable Grub floppy or a bootable Grub CD.
(2) A Linux Live CD. Ideally one that has Grub inside.
(3) A Dos 6 or above bootable floppy with fdisk.exe inside
(4) A Win2k or XP installation CD
For the production of the Item (1) above and how to use the rest see the last link of my signature.
Partition tables
Here is the details of the partitioning scheme as output by “fdisk-l” Linux command.
Warning: omitting partitions after #60. They will be deleted if you save this partition table.
Disk /dev/hda: 300.0 GB, 300090728448 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36483 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/hda1 * 1 122 979933+ 16 Hidden FAT16 /dev/hda2 123 244 979965 16 Hidden FAT16 /dev/hda3 245 366 979965 16 Hidden FAT16 /dev/hda4 367 36483 290109802+ 5 Extended /dev/hda5 367 609 1951866 82 Linux swap /dev/hda6 610 1217 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda7 1218 1825 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda8 1826 2433 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda9 2434 3041 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda10 3042 3649 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda11 3650 4257 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda12 4258 4865 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda13 4866 5473 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda14 5474 6081 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda15 6082 6689 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda16 6690 7297 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda17 7298 7905 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda18 7906 8513 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda19 8514 9121 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda20 9122 9729 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda21 9730 10337 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda22 10338 10945 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda23 10946 11553 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda24 11554 12161 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda25 12162 12769 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda26 12770 13377 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda27 13378 13985 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda28 13986 14593 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda29 14594 15201 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda30 15202 15809 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda31 15810 16417 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda32 16418 17025 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda33 17026 17633 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda34 17634 18241 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda35 18242 18849 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda36 18850 19457 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda37 19458 20065 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda38 20066 20673 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda39 20674 21281 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda40 21282 21889 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda41 21890 22497 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda42 22498 23105 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda43 23106 23713 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda44 23714 24321 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda45 24322 24929 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda46 24930 25537 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda47 25538 26145 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda48 26146 26753 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda49 26754 27361 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda50 27362 27969 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda51 27970 28577 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda52 28578 29185 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda53 29186 29793 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda54 29794 30401 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda55 30402 31009 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda56 31010 31617 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda57 31618 32833 9767488+ 83 Linux /dev/hda58 32834 34049 9767488+ 83 Linux /dev/hda59 34050 34657 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hda60 34658 35265 4883728+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/hdc: 300.0 GB, 300090728448 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 36483 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
/dev/hdc5 3163 3770 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc6 3771 4378 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc7 4379 4986 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc8 4987 5594 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc9 5595 6202 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc10 6203 6810 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc11 6811 7418 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc12 7419 8026 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc13 8027 8634 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc14 8635 9242 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc15 9243 9850 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc16 9851 10458 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc17 10459 11066 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc18 11067 11674 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc19 11675 12282 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc20 12283 12890 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc21 12891 13498 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc22 13499 14106 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc23 14107 14714 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc24 14715 15322 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc25 15323 15930 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc26 15931 16538 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc27 16539 17146 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc28 17147 17754 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc29 17755 18362 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc30 18363 18970 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc31 18971 19578 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc32 19579 20186 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc33 20187 20794 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc34 20795 21402 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc35 21403 22010 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc36 22011 22618 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc37 22619 23226 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc38 23227 23834 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc39 23835 24442 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc40 24443 25050 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc41 25051 25658 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc42 25659 26266 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc43 26267 26874 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc44 26875 27482 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc45 27483 28090 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc46 28091 28698 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc47 28699 29306 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc48 29307 29914 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc49 29915 30522 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc50 30523 31130 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc51 31131 31738 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc52 31739 32346 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc53 32347 32954 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc54 32955 33562 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc55 33563 34170 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc56 34171 34778 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc57 34779 35386 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc58 * 35387 35994 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/hdc59 35995 36483 3927861 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sda: 203.9 GB, 203928109056 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 24792 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 5099 40957686 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sda2 5100 6315 9767520 83 Linux /dev/sda3 6316 6923 4883760 83 Linux /dev/sda4 6924 24792 143532742+ 5 Extended /dev/sda5 6924 7531 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/sda6 7532 8139 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/sda7 8140 8747 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/sda8 8748 9355 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/sda9 9356 9963 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/sda10 9964 10571 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/sda11 10572 11179 4883728+ a9 NetBSD /dev/sda12 11180 11787 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/sda13 * 11788 12395 4883728+ 83 Linux /dev/sda14 12396 23916 92542401 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) /dev/sda15 23917 24792 7036438+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 203.9 GB, 203928109056 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 24792 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 * 1 1216 9767488+ 7 HPFS/NTFS /dev/sdb2 1217 1338 979965 1b Hidden W95 FAT32 /dev/sdb3 1339 1460 979965 83 Linux /dev/sdb4 1461 24792 187414290 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sdb5 1461 2676 9767488+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb6 2677 3892 9767488+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb7 3893 6324 19535008+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb8 6325 8756 19535008+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb9 8757 11188 19535008+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb10 11189 13620 19535008+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb11 13621 16052 19535008+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb12 16053 18484 19535008+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb13 18485 20916 19535008+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb14 20917 23348 19535008+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb15 23349 24792 11598898+ 83 Linux
My hda has partitions hda61, hda62 and hda63 but they are not shown by fdisk program.
아래는 Grub 목록
#Grub menu booting 3 Dos, 5 Windows & 100+ Linux---------------------------- color white/green black/light-gray title You are now booting from hda3 data-only partition boot
title DOS 6.22 (FAT16) @ hda1 root (hd0,0) unhide (hd0,0) makeactive chainloader +1
title System Rescue CD 2.1.6 @ sdb3 root (hd3,2) chainloader +1
#sdb4 is the extended partition
title Xfld 2.0 @ sdb5 root (hd3,4) chainloader +1
title Kanotix 2006-1 @ sdb6 root (hd3,5) chainloader +1
title Paipix 5.00 2006-3 @ sdb7 root (hd3,6) chainloader +1
title Frugalware 0.4 @ sdb8 root (hd3,7) chainloader +1
title Sabayon x86_64 3.0 @ sdb9 root (hd3,8) chainloader +1
title Quantian 0.7.9.1 @ sdb10 root (hd3,9) chainloader +1
title Suse 10.1 x86 64 @ sdb11 root (hd3,10) chainloader +1
title Slackware 11 @ sdb12 root (hd3,11) chainloader +1
title Knoppix 4.0.2 @ sdb13 root (hd3,12) chainloader +1
title Mandriva 2006 0.4 @ sdb14 root (hd3,13) chainloader +1
title Fedora Core 6 @ sdb15 root (hd3,14) chainloader +1
I know I know this page is boring unless you are interested in the details. So how about these statistics
No of disros Country 2 Argentina 1 Asia 4 Australia 1 Austria 1 Belgium 4 Brazil 1 Bulgaria 5 Canada 3 China 2 Czech 2 Europe 7 France 14 Germany 3 Global 1 Hungary 1 India 2 Iran 1 Ireland 5 Isle of Man 3 Israel 5 Italy 5 Japan 1 Nepal 2 Netherland 1 New Zealand 4 Norway 1 Philippines 2 Poland 2 Portugal 2 Puerto Rico 1 S Korea 1 Sweden 2 Switzerland 1 Syria 1 Taiwan 1 Thailand 1 Turkey 5 UK 44 USA 145 Total
39 countries are contributing the operating systems.
The 3 Dos are Dos 6.22, Dos 7.1 and Freedos.
The 5 Windows are Win 3.11, Win98, Win2k, XP home and Vista
There are 114 unique systems as 17 of then have more two versions, 3 of them have 3 different versions and 2 have 5 versions. For example I have kept Fedora core for ver. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
I only paid for all the MS systems except the free downloadable experimental Vista. All Linux are free downable systems.
A Linux can be freely downloadable from many Internet sites as an iso file that can be burn into a bootable CD. Once the CD booted up a user can follow the instruction to install the system as quickly as 10 to 12 minutes.
Many Linux distros also produce Live CD with which a user can have a full operating system without being installed into a hard disk.
[이 게시물은 멀티님에 의해 2008-08-14 11:25:14 토크박스 - 자유게시판/가입인사에서 이동 됨]
* 2007년 *
1. CentOS 리눅스 구축관리실무 집필
2007년 12월 출판 - 출판사 : (주)수퍼유저코리아 * 2009년 *
2. 김태용의 C++ 기초 입문 :: gcc로 공부하는 C++와 wxWidgets GUI 집필
2009년 03월 출판 - 출판사: (주)수퍼유저코리아
3. 김태용의 리눅스 쉘 스크립트 프로그래밍 입문 집필
2009년 9월 출판 - 출판사: 제이펍 * 2011년 *
4. 김태용의 JSP 웹 프로그래밍 입문
2011년 1월 출판 - 출판사: 제이펍
인생목표 프로젝트
- 공학/기술인의 위상을 높이고, 공학과 기술중심의 TechNation Korea 건설을 위한 공학정치 실현 - 공학/기술인을 대한민국의 수장으로 만들기 - 1000만 달러 벌기 -> 우수 공학인재 서포팅하기
한국LUG 사이트는 1024 x 768 해상도(운영자 노트북:14")에 최적화 되어 있습니다. : LINUX FANSITE
WWW.LUG.OR.KR Server is made by CentOS Linux, P4 1.8G, Memory 512MB, Main HDD 160GB, Backup HDD 40GB and LAMP, qmail MTA.
CentOS Linux & Mozilla Firefox UTF-8 Base Created.
1998-2024 www.lug.or.kr Directed By Great Dragon, Kim.
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LUG 포인트 정책 : [회원가입 : +100점] [로그인(하루한번) : +100점] [글쓰기 : +20점] [코멘트 : +10점] [다운로드 : -200점] [질문 포인트 : 최소 200점]
데스크탑 프로그래밍(gcc, g++, wxGTK[wxWidgets] 등)은 "Fedora"를 사용하고, 서버 운영(WEB, FTP 등)은 "CentOS"를 사용하시길 권장합니다.
도전하는자, 자신을 투자하는자만이 뜻하는바를 이룰 수 있다.
Information should be Exchanged with Interactive, not One Way Direction. 준회원,
정회원,
우수회원,
VIP회원,
기업회원,
관리자 Be Maker!
인생에서, 100% 순이익을 보장하는건 없다. 1%의 지식을 나눔으로써, 가끔씩 손해볼 필요도 있다.
그대가 가진 1%의 지식만이라도 공공을 위해 포스팅하라. 손해본다는 생각이 앞선다면 그대의 인생은 힘들어질것이다.
자신이 가진 지식의 1%도 투자하지 않고, 오로지 자신의 이익만 탐하는자와는 동지가 되지마라.
만나서 대화하면 모두 좋은 사람들이지만, 유독 인터넷에서만 자신을 밝히지 않고, 좀비로 서식하는 사람들이 많다.
부지불식간[不知不識間], 좀비(하류) 인생이 될지도 모르니, 항상 자신을 경계하도록 하라.
[도서 안내]
1. CentOS Linux
2. gcc로 공부하는 C++
베스트셀러 입성^^
한국리눅스유저그룹 - LUG KOREA
준회원,
정회원,
우수회원,
VIP회원,
기업회원,
관리자
